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- Review of optimism, creativity and spirituality in tourism researchPublication . Garcês, Soraia; Pocinho, Margarida; Jesus, Saul Neves dePurpose – Optimism, creativity, and spirituality are important variables in Positive Psychology that can lead to better lives. The authors believe these are also fundamental concepts that can bring a new understanding of the tourism experiences, particularly in the current trend of the ‘experience economy’. The study aimed to explore optimism, creativity, and spirituality from a Positive Psychology perspective on tourism settings to deepen the understanding of the state of the art and develop ideas for improvement of tourism research experiences Design – An extensive systematic literature review was developed anchored on PRISMA (2009) guidelines. The search engine Online Knowledge Library (B-On) was used and the search terms ‘Optimism’, ‘Creativity’ and ‘Spirituality’ crossed individually with ‘Tourism’, ‘Travel’ and ‘Visitor’. In-depth analysis considering the chosen inclusion/exclusion criteria were undertaken concluding with a sample of 31 references. Findings – Overall, results showed a lack of optimism studies on tourism, leading to an urgent need to endeavor in the challenge of developing research. Creativity in tourism is mainly used as a background for the place and its culture and considers organizational, structural and product innovation development. Further, tourism can be seen as a spiritual activity seeking personal enrichment and fulfillment. Originality of the research – This study considers three variables not usually applied to tourism contexts as is clear by the low number of references found. The application of these and consequently of Positive Psychology on tourism is per se new, allowing the emergence of novel and important discussions on tourism.
- The best tourism island destination in the world and meaningful experiences: a systematic literature reviewPublication . Garcês, Soraia; Pocinho, Margarida; Jesus, Saul Neves deMadeira Island is the World’ Leading Island Destination for the last four years. As a winning destination it is vital to understand how the new “economy experience” is being acknowledged, since tourism is seeing a shift where meaningful experiences are crucial. The goal was to identify the variables being studied in Madeira tourism and if ‘experience’ is part of product offers. A systematic literature review was used with the terms: ‘Madeira’, ‘Porto Santo’ and ‘Tourism’. Application of inclusion/exclusion criteria led to a final sample of 30 references. Three major themes being empathized in Madeira tourism were found: a) nature; b) culture/heritage and c) economy/marketing. Experience is being intro duced on tourism product offers, however a lack of research focused on ‘meaningful experiences’ linked to personal growth and tourists’ personal characteristics was discovered. Implications to theory and practice are discussed.
- Exploring creativity and wellbeing characteristics of portuguese touristsPublication . Garcês, Soraia; Pocinho, Margarida; Jesus, Saul Neves de; Câmara, Ester; Martins, PatriciaThe purpose of this study was to explore creativity and wellbeing characteristics in a sample of Portuguese tourists while simultaneously building a creative tourist profile. A sample of 857 Portuguese tourists with ages ranging from 17 to 76 years was used. The Creative Personality Scale short form and the Tourism Experience Scale were applied for data collection. The results indicated positive and significant correlations between wellbeing and creativity. Women showed higher levels of wellbeing. Older tourists performed better in creativity. Age had a significant influence only on creativity and not on tourists’ overall wellbeing. Non-students obtained higher and significant scores for creativity, while overall wellbeing was not influenced by having a job (student vs non-student). A significant multiple linear regression model suggested that wellbeing and age are significant predictors of creativity in tourism settings. Wellbeing rankings showed positive emotions in first place, creativity in second place and meaning in third place. In conclusion, the results indicated that creativity and wellbeing are important factors for tourism experiences and that Portuguese tourists’ psychological profile already show
- Predição da criatividade e saúde mentalPublication . Garcês, Soraia; Pocinho, Margarida; Jesus, Saul Neves deA criatividade tem sido mencionada desde há muito tempo pela literatura. A forma de a conceptualizar tem dependido em muito dos investigadores e da sua visão sobre o que é criatividade, porém as suas potencialidades têm tomado cada vez mais interesse pela comunidade científica. Os seus benefícios estendem-se a diversas áreas da vida humana, como sentimentos de satisfação, bem-estar e saúde mental. A investigação aqui apresentada procura encontrar modelos preditivos de comportamentos criativos, pressupondo que estes poderão ser de grande auxílio para o desenvolvimento de um melhor bem-estar psicológico. Assim a investigação comportou o uso de quatro variáveis: a pessoa, o processo, o produto e o ambiente criativo. A amostra contou com 215 estudantes universitários e os resultados revelaram o encontro de quatro modelos preditivos de comportamentos criativos, com uma maior ênfase nas artes visuais e manuais. Conclui-se com a ideia de que a predição de produtos criativos é possível e que tal poderá ser preponderante para um bom desenvolvimento da saúde mental.