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- Jatrophane and lathyrane diterpenoids from Euphorbia hyberna LPublication . Ferreira, Ana Margarida V. D.; Carvalho, Luı́s H. M.; Carvalho, Maria João M.; Sequeira, Miguel M.; Silva, Artur M. S.A new diterpene tetraester, from the jatrophane family, and two new diterpene triesters, with a lathyrane skeleton, have been isolated from the chloroform extract of the roots of Euphorbia hyberna L. The structures of these compounds have been established by spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR experiments.
- Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331 288 participantsPublication . Danaei, G; Fahimi, S; Lu, Y; Zhou, B; Hajifathalian, K; Di Cesare, M; Lo, WC; Reis-Santos, B; Cowan, MJ; Shaw, JE; Bentham, J; Mohammad, K; Mohan, V; Mohd Yusoff, MF; Møller, NC; Molnár, D; Aguilar-Salinas, CA; Mondo, CK; Moreno, LA; Morgan, K; El Ati, J; Jonas, JB; Moschonis, G; Mossakowska, M; Mostafa, A; Mota, J; Muiesan, ML; Müller-Nurasyid, M; Mursu, J; Ahmadvand, A; Nagel, G; Námešná, J; Joshi, P; Elosua, R; Nang, EE; Nangia, VB; Navarrete-Muñoz, EM; Ndiaye, NC; Nervi, F; Nguyen, ND; Nieto-Martínez, RE; Alvarado, L; Al Nsour, M; Kafatos, A; Ning, G; Lin, JK; Ninomiya, T; Noale, M; Noto, D; Ochoa-Avilés, M; Oh, K; Onat, A; Osmond, C; Otero, JA; Kalter-Leibovici, O; Palmieri, L; Alkerwi, A; Erasmus, RT; Panda-Jonas, S; Panza, F; Parsaeian, M; Peixoto, SV; Pereira, AC; Peters, A; Peykari, N; Kasaeian, A; Pilav, A; Pitakaka, F; Piwonska, A; Erem, C; Amouyel, P; Piwonski, J; Plans-Rubió, P; Porta, M; Portegies, ML; Poustchi, H; Katz, J; Pradeepa, R; Price, JF; Punab, M; Qasrawi, RF; Ergor, G; Qorbani, M; Andersen, L. B.; Raitakari, O; Ramachandra Rao, S; Ramachandran, A; Kaur, P; Ramos, R; Rampal, S; Rathmann, W; Redon, J; Reganit, PF; Eriksen, L; Rigo, F; Robinson, SM; Anderssen, S. A.; Robitaille, C; Kavousi, M; Rodríguez, LA; Rodríguez-Artalejo, F; del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M; Rojas-Martinez, R; Romaguera, D; Rosengren, A; Escobedo-de la Peña, J; Rubinstein, A; Ornelas, Rui; Ruiz-Betancourt, BS; Kelishadi, R; Andrade, DS; Rutkowski, M; Sabanayagam, C; Sachdev, HS; Saidi, O; Sakarya, S; Salanave, B; Fall, CH; Salonen, JT; Salvetti, M; Ali, MK; Sánchez-Abanto, J; Santos, RN; Anjana, RM; Santos, R; Sardinha, LB; Scazufca, M; Schargrodsky, H; Scheidt-Nave, C; Farzadfar, F; Shaw, JE; Dhana, K; Shibuya, K; Shin, Y; Shiri, R; Siantar, R; Aounallah-Skhiri, H; Sibai, AM; Simon, M; Simons, J; Simons, LA; Felix-Redondo, FJ; Kengne, AP; Sjostrom, M; Slowikowska-Hilczer, J; Slusarczyk, P; Smeeth, L; Snijder, MB; Solfrizzi, V; Aris, T; Sonestedt, E; Soumare, A; Staessen, JA; Kersting, M; Ferguson, TS; Steene-Johannessen, J; Stehle, P; Stein, AD; Stessman, J; Stöckl, D; Stokwiszewski, J; Strufaldi, MW; Arlappa, N; Sun, CA; Khader, YS; Sundström, J; Fernández-Bergés, D; Suriyawongpaisal, P; Sy, RG; Tai, ES; Tarawneh, M; Tarqui-Mamani, CB; Thijs, L; Tolstrup, JS; Topbas, M; Khang, YH; Arveiler, D; Torrent, M; Bixby, H; Traissac, P; Trinh, OT; Tulloch-Reid, MK; Tuomainen, TP; Turley, ML; Tzourio, C; Ueda, P; Kiechl, S; Ukoli, FM; Ulmer, H; Assah, FK; Ferrari, M; Valdivia, G; van Valkengoed, IG; Vanderschueren, D; Vanuzzo, D; Vega, T; Velasquez-Melendez, G; Kim, J; Veronesi, G; Verschuren, M; Vioque, J; Virtanen, J; Ferreccio, C; Avdicová, M; Visvikis-Siest, S; Viswanathan, B; Vollenweider, P; Voutilainen, S; Kiyohara, Y; Wade, AN; Wagner, A; Walton, J; Mohamud, WN; Wang, MD; Finn, JD; Wang, YX; Balakrishna, N; Wannamethee, SG; Weerasekera, D; Kolsteren, P; Whincup, PH; Widhalm, K; Wiecek, A; Wilks, RJ; Willeit, J; Wojtyniak, B; Föger, B; Wong, TY; Woo, J; Bandosz, P; Korrovits, P; Woodward, M; Wu, AG; Wu, FC; Wu, SL; Xu, H; Yang, X; Ye, X; Foo, LH; Yoshihara, A; Younger-Coleman, NO; Koskinen, S; Zambon, S; Barbagallo, CM; Zargar, AH; Zdrojewski, T; Zhao, W; Zheng, Y; Barceló, A; Batieha, AM; Fouad, HM; Baur, LA; Di Castelnuovo, AF; Ben Romdhane, H; Bernabe-Ortiz, A; Bhargava, SK; Bi, Y; Bjerregaard, P; Björkelund, C; Blake, M; Blokstra, A; Bo, S; Francis, DK; Ezzati, M; Boehm, BO; Boissonnet, CP; Bovet, P; Brajkovich, I; Breckenkamp, J; Brewster, LM; Brian, GR; Bruno, G; Bugge, A; Cabrera de León, A; Kratzer, W; Franco Mdo, C; Can, G; Cândido, AP; Capuano, V; Carvalho, M. J.; Casanueva, FF; Caserta, CA; Castetbon, K; Chamukuttan, S; Chaturvedi, N; Kromhout, D; Chen, CJ; Frontera, G; Chen, F; Chen, S; Cheng, CY; Chetrit, A; Chiou, ST; Cho, Y; Chudek, J; Cifkova, R; Kula, K; Claessens, F; Concin, H; Furusawa, T; Cooper, C; Cooper, R; Costanzo, S; Cottel, D; Cowell, C; Crujeiras, AB; D'Arrigo, G; Kurjata, P; Dallongeville, J; Dankner, R; Dauchet, L; Magliano, D; de Gaetano, G; De Henauw, S; Deepa, M; Dehghan, A; Gaciong, Z; Galbarczyk, A; Kyobutungi, C; Garnett, SP; Gaspoz, JM; Gasull, M; Gates, L; Geleijnse, JM; Ghasemain, A; Giampaoli, S; Gianfagna, F; Bovet, P; Giovannelli, J; Lachat, C; Gonzalez Gross, M; González Rivas, JP; Gorbea, MB; Gottrand, F; Grant, JF; Grodzicki, T; Grøntved, A; Gruden, G; Gu, D; Miranda, JJ; Laid, Y; Guan, OP; Guerrero, R; Guessous, I; Guimaraes, AL; Gutierrez, L; Hardy, R; Hari Kumar, R; Heidemann, C; Hihtaniemi, IT; Ho, SY; Lam, TH; Khang, YH; Ho, SC; Hofman, A; Horimoto, AR; Hormiga, CM; Horta, BL; Houti, L; Hussieni, AS; Huybrechts, I; Hwalla, N; Lanska, V; Iacoviello, L; Stevens, GA; Iannone, AG; Ibrahim, MM; Ikeda, N; Ikram, MA; Irazola, VE; Islam, M; Iwasaki, M; Jacobs, JM; Djalalinia, S; Jafar, T; Jasienska, G; Riley, LM; Jiang, CQ; Lappas, G; Abdeen, ZA; Laxmaiah, A; Leclercq, C; Lee, J; Lee, J; Lehtimäki, T; Lekhraj, R; León-Muñoz, LM; Li, Y; Doua, K; Lim, WY; Lima-Costa, MF; Kadir, KA; Lin, HH; Lin, X; Lissner, L; Lorbeer, R; Lozano, JE; Lundqvist, A; Lytsy, P; Drygas, W; Ma, G; Machado-Coelho, GL; Machi, S; Abu-Rmeileh, M; Maggi, S; Magliano, D; Makdisse, M; Mallikharjuna v, K; Manios, Y; Manzato, E; Du, Y; Margozzini, P; Marques-Vidal, P; Martorell, R; Masoodi, SR; Acosta-Cazares, B; Matsha, TE; Mbanya, JC; McFarlane, SR; McGarvey, ST; McLachlan, S; Egbagbe, EE; McNulty, BA; Mediene-Benchekor, S; Meirhaeghe, A; Menezes, AM; Merat, S; Aekplakorn, W; Meshram, II; Mi, J; Miquel, JF; Miranda, JJ; Eggertsen, R; Mohamed, MKBackground Diabetes has been defi ned on the basis of diff erent biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA1c. We assessed the eff ect of diff erent diagnostic defi nitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classifi cation of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in diff erent regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defi ning diabetes. Diabetes was defi ned using HbA1c (HbA1c ≥6·5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT defi nitions (FPG ≥7·0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT ≥11·1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using diff erent defi nitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specifi city of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specifi city in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-eff ects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r=0·98), but was higher by 2–6 percentage points at diff erent prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA1c was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42·8% of age–sex–survey groups and higher in another 41·6%; in the other 15·6%, the two defi nitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA1c-based prevalences was partly related to participants’ age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specifi c communities. Diabetes defi ned as HbA1c 6·5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52·8% (95% CI 51·3–54·3%) and a pooled specifi city of 99·74% (99·71–99·78%) compared with FPG 7·0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defi ned based on FPG or-2hOGTT was 30·5% (28·7–32·3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA1c versus FPG. Interpretation Diff erent biomarkers and defi nitions for diabetes can provide diff erent estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and diff erentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA1c-based defi nition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
- Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participantsPublication . Zhou, Bin; Bentham, James; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Bixby, Honor; Danaei, Goodarz; Cowan, Melanie J; Paciorek, Christopher J; Singh, Gitanjali; Hajifathalian, Kaveh; Bennett, James E; Taddei, Cristina; Deschamps, Valérie; Dhana, Klodian; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F; Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares; Diaz, Alejandro; Dickerson, Ty T; Do, Ha T P; Dobson, Annette J; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Stevens, Gretchen A; Bikbov, Mukharram; Donoso, Silvana P; Döring, Angela; Doua, Kouamelan; Drygas, Wojciech; Dulskiene, Virginija; Džakula, Aleksandar; Dzerve, Vilnis; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta; Eggertsen, Robert; Ekelund, Ulf; Bjerregaard, Peter; Riley, Leanne M; El Ati, Jalila; Ellert, Ute; Elliott, Paul; Elosua, Roberto; Erasmus, Rajiv T; Erem, Cihangir; Eriksen, Louise; de la Peña, Jorge Escobedo; Evans, Alun; Bjertness, Espen; Faeh, David; Bovet, Pascal; Fall, Caroline H; Farzadfar, Farshad; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J; Ferguson, Trevor S; Fernández-Bergés, Daniel; Ferrante, Daniel; Ferrari, Marika; Ferreccio, Catterina; Björkelund, Cecilia; Ferrieres, Jean; Finn, Joseph D; Elliott, Paul; Fischer, Krista; Föger, Bernhard; Foo, Leng Huat; Forslund, Ann-Sofie; Forsner, Maria; Fortmann, Stephen P; Fouad, Heba M; Blokstra, Anneke; Francis, Damian K; Franco, Maria do Carmo; Franco, Oscar H; Gu, Dongfeng; Frontera, Guillermo; Fuchs, Flavio D; Fuchs, Sandra C; Fujita, Yuki; Furusawa, Takuro; Gaciong, Zbigniew; Bo, Simona; Gareta, Dickman; Garnett, Sarah P; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Gasull, Magda; Ikeda, Nayu; Gates, Louise; Gavrila, Diana; Geleijnse, Johanna M; Ghasemian, Anoosheh; Ghimire, Anup; Bobak, Martin; Giampaoli, Simona; Gianfagna, Francesco; Giovannelli, Jonathan; Goldsmith, Rebecca A; Gonçalves, Helen; Jackson, Rod T; Gross, Marcela Gonzalez; Rivas, Juan P González; Gottrand, Frederic; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Boeing, Heiner; Grafnetter, Dušan; Grajda, Aneta; Gregor, Ronald D; Grodzicki, Tomasz; Grøntved, Anders; Gruden, Grabriella; Joffres, Michel; Grujic, Vera; Gu, Dongfeng; Guan, Ong Peng; Boggia, Jose G; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Guerrero, Ramiro; Guessous, Idris; Guimaraes, Andre L; Gulliford, Martin C; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna; Gunter, Marc; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Gupta, Prakash C; Gureje, Oye; Boissonnet, Carlos P; Gurzkowska, Beata; Gutierrez, Laura; Gutzwiller, Felix; Hadaegh, Farzad; Halkjær, Jytte; Hambleton, Ian R; Hardy, Rebecca; Harikumar, Rachakulla; Laatikainen, Tiina; Hata, Jun; Bilano, Ver; Hayes, Alison J; He, Jiang; Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth; Henriques, Ana; Cadena, Leticia Hernandez; Herrala, Sauli; Heshmat, Ramin; Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani; Ho, Sai Yin; Lam, Tai Hing; Bongard, Vanina; Ho, Suzanne C; Hobbs, Michael; Hofman, Albert; Dinc, Gonul Horasan; Hormiga, Claudia M; Horta, Bernardo L; Houti, Leila; Howitt, Christina; Htay, Thein Thein; Htet, Aung Soe; Braeckman, Lutgart; Laxmaiah, Avula; Hu, Yonghua; Huerta, José María; Husseini, Abdullatif S; Huybrechts, Inge; Hwalla, Nahla; Iacoviello, Licia; Iannone, Anna G; Ibrahim, M Mohsen; Ikram, M Arfan; Brajkovich, Imperia; Irazola, Vilma E; Liu, Jing; Islam, Muhammad; Ivkovic, Vanja; Iwasaki, Masanori; Jackson, Rod T; Jacobs, Jeremy M; Jafar, Tazeen; Jamrozik, Konrad; Janszky, Imre; Branca, Francesco; Jasienska, Grazyna; Jelakovic, Bojan; Miranda, J Jaime; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Joffres, Michel; Johansson, Mattias; Jonas, Jost B; Jørgensen, Torben; Joshi, Pradeep; Juolevi, Anne; Breckenkamp, Juergen; Jurak, Gregor; Jureša, Vesna; Kaaks, Rudolf; Mondo, Charles K; Kafatos, Anthony; Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra; Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi; Kasaeian, Amir; Katz, Joanne; Kauhanen, Jussi; Brenner, Hermann; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Kavousi, Maryam; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli; Keil, Ulrich; Neuhauser, Hannelore K; Boker, Lital Keinan; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Kelishadi, Roya; Kemper, Han C G; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Brewster, Lizzy M; Kersting, Mathilde; Key, Timothy; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalili, Davood; Khang, Young-Ho; Sundström, Johan; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Kiechl, Stefan; Killewo, Japhet; Kim, Jeongseon; Bruno, Graziella; Klumbiene, Jurate; Kolle, Elin; Kolsteren, Patrick; Korrovits, Paul; Koskinen, Seppo; Kouda, Katsuyasu; Smeeth, Liam; Koziel, Slawomir; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Krokstad, Steinar; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B(as); Kromhout, Daan; Kruger, Herculina S; Kubinova, Ruzena; Kuciene, Renata; Kuh, Diana; Kujala, Urho M; Kula, Krzysztof; Soric, Maroje; Kulaga, Zbigniew; Kumar, R Krishna; Bugge, Anna; Kurjata, Pawel; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Laatikainen, Tiina; Lachat, Carl; Lam, Tai Hing; Landrove, Orlando; Woodward, Mark; Lanska, Vera; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M; Lappas, Georg; Larijani, Bagher; Laugsand, Lars E; Laxmaiah, Avula; Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen; Le, Tuyen D; Leclercq, Catherine; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Jeonghee; Ezzati, Majid; Burns, Con; Lehtimäki, Terho; Lekhraj, Rampal; León-Muñoz, Luz M; Levitt, Naomi S; Li, Yanping; Lilly, Christa L; Lim, Wei-Yen; Lima-Costa, M Fernanda; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Lin, Xu; Bursztyn, Michael; Abarca-Gómez, Leandra; Linneberg, Allan; Lissner, Lauren; Litwin, Mieczyslaw; Lorbeer, Roberto; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lozano, José Eugenio; Luksiene, Dalia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lunet, Nuno; de León, Antonio Cabrera; Lytsy, Per; Abdeen, Ziad A; Ma, Guansheng; Ma, Jun; Machado-Coelho, George L L; Machi, Suka; Maggi, Stefania; Magliano, Dianna J; Majer, Marjeta; Makdisse, Marcia; Cacciottolo, Joseph; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rahul; Rahim, Hanan Abdul; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna; Malyutina, Sofia; Manios, Yannis; Mann, Jim I; Manzato, Enzo; Margozzini, Paula; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Cameron, Christine; Marrugat, Jaume; Martorell, Reynaldo; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M; Matijasevich, Alicia; Matsha, Tandi E; Mbanya, Jean Claude N; Posso, Anselmo J Mc Donald; McFarlane, Shelly R; McGarvey, Stephen T; Can, Günay; McLachlan, Stela; McLean, Rachael M; McNulty, Breige A; Khir, Amir Sharifuddin Md; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia; Medzioniene, Jurate; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Meisinger, Christa; Menezes, Ana Maria B; Cândido, Ana Paula C; Menon, Geetha R; Meshram, Indrapal I; Metspalu, Andres; Mi, Jie; Mikkel, Kairit; Adams, Robert; Miller, Jody C; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta; Mohamed, Mostafa K; Capuano, Vincenzo; Mohammad, Kazem; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohan, Viswanathan; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd; Møller, Niels C; Molnár, Dénes; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Momenan, Amirabbas; Mondo, Charles K; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K; Cardoso, Viviane C; Moreira, Leila B; Morejon, Alain; Moreno, Luis A; Morgan, Karen; Moschonis, George; Mossakowska, Malgorzata; Mostafa, Aya; Afsana, Kaosar; Mota, Jorge; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel; Carlsson, Axel C; Motta, Jorge; Muiesan, Maria L; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina; Murphy, Neil; Mursu, Jaakko; Musil, Vera; Nagel, Gabriele; Naidu, Balkish M; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A; Nakamura, Harunobu; Djalalinia, Shirin; Námešná, Jana; Nang, Ei Ei K; Nangia, Vinay B; Narake, Sameer; Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria; Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba; Neal, William A; Nenko, Ilona; Nervi, Flavio; Agyemang, Charles; Carvalho, Maria J.; Nguyen, Nguyen D; Nguyen, Quang Ngoc; Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E; Niiranen, Teemu J; Ning, Guang; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Nishtar, Sania; Noale, Marianna; Noboa, Oscar A; Noorbala, Ahmad Ali; Casanueva, Felipe F; Ahmadvand, Alireza; Noorbala, Teresa; Noto, Davide; Al Nsour, Mohannad; O'Reilly, Dermot; Oh, Kyungwon; Olinto, Maria Teresa A; Oliveira, Isabel O; Omar, Mohd Azahadi; Onat, Altan; Casas, Juan-Pablo; Ordunez, Pedro; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Osmond, Clive; Ostojic, Sergej M; Otero, Johanna A; Overvad, Kim; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Paccaud, Fred Michel; Padez, Cristina; Pahomova, Elena; Caserta, Carmelo A; Pajak, Andrzej; Palli, Domenico; Al Raddadi, Rajaa; Palmieri, Luigi; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Panza, Francesco; Papandreou, Dimitrios; Parnell, Winsome R; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Pecin, Ivan; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha; Pednekar, Mangesh S; Peer, Nasheeta; Peeters, Petra H; Al Woyatan, Rihab; Peixoto, Sergio Viana; Pelletier, Catherine; Peltonen, Markku; Pereira, Alexandre C; Pérez, Rosa Marina; Peters, Annette; Chan, Angelique W; Petkeviciene, Janina; Pham, Son Thai; Pigeot, Iris; Pikhart, Hynek; Ali, Mohamed M; Pilav, Aida; Pilotto, Lorenza; Pitakaka, Freda; Plans-Rubió, Pedro; Polakowska, Maria; Chan, Queenie; Polašek, Ozren; Porta, Miquel; Portegies, Marileen LP; Pourshams, Akram; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Prashant, Mathur; Price, Jacqueline F; Puiu, Maria; Punab, Margus; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K; Qasrawi, Radwan F; Qorbani, Mostafa; Radic, Ivana; Radisauskas, Ricardas; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Raitakari, Olli; Aly, Eman; Raj, Manu; Rao, Sudha Ramachandra; Ramachandran, Ambady; Chaturvedi, Nishi; Ramos, Elisabete; Rampal, Sanjay; Reina, Daniel A Rangel; Rasmussen, Finn; Redon, Josep; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M; Ribeiro, Robespierre; Amouyel, Philippe; Riboli, Elio; Rigo, Fernando; Chen, Chien-Jen; de Wit, Tobias F Rinke; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M; Robinson, Sian M; Robitaille, Cynthia; Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Rodriguez-Perez del Cristo, María; Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Amuzu, Antoinette; Rosengren, Annika; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Rubinstein, Adolfo; Ornelas, Rui; Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra; Horimoto, Andrea R V Russo; Rutkowski, Marcin; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Sachdev, Harshpal S; Saidi, Olfa; Sakarya, Sibel; Andersen, Lars Bo; Chen, Fangfang; Salanave, Benoit; Salazar Martinez, Eduardo; Salmerón, Diego; Salomaa, Veikko; Salonen, Jukka T; Salvetti, Massimo; Sánchez-Abanto, Jose; Sans, Susana; Santos, Diana; Santos, Ina S; Chen, Huashuai; Anderssen, Sigmund A; Santos, Renata Nunes dos; Santos, Rute; Saramies, Jouko L; Sardinha, Luis B; Margolis, Giselle Sarganas; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Saum, Kai-Uwe; Savva, Savvas C; Scazufca, Marcia; Chen, Shuohua; Schargrodsky, Herman; Ängquist, Lars; Schneider, Ione J; Schultsz, Constance; Schutte, Aletta E; Sen, Abhijit; Senbanjo, Idowu O; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Sharma, Sanjib K; Shaw, Jonathan E; Chen, Zhengming; Shibuya, Kenji; Shin, Dong Wook; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Shin, Youchan; Siantar, Rosalynn; Sibai, Abla M; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Simon, Mary; Simons, Judith; Simons, Leon A; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Sjöström, Michael; Skovbjerg, Sine; Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta; Ansong, Daniel; Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw; Smeeth, Liam; Smith, Margaret C; Snijder, Marieke B; So, Hung-Kwan; Sobngwi, Eugène; Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui; Söderberg, Stefan; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo; Sonestedt, Emily; Song, Yi; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Sørensen, Thorkild IA; Jérome, Charles Sossa; Soumare, Aicha; Staessen, Jan A; Starc, Gregor; Chetrit, Angela; Stathopoulou, Maria G; Stavreski, Bill; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Stehle, Peter; Stein, Aryeh D; Araújo, Joana; Stergiou, George S; Stessman, Jochanan; Stieber, Jutta; Stöckl, Doris; Chiolero, Arnaud; Stocks, Tanja; Stokwiszewski, Jakub; Stronks, Karien; Strufaldi, Maria Wany; Sun, Chien-An; Sundström, Johan; Ariansen, Inger; Sung, Yn-Tz; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul; Sy, Rody G; Chiou, Shu-Ti; Tai, E Shyong; Tammesoo, Mari-Liis; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Tang, Line; Tang, Xun; Tanser, Frank; 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De Smedt, Delphine; Deepa, Mohan; Dehghan, Abbas; Lu, Yuan; Delisle, HélèneBackground Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe.
- Chemical constituents of Euphorbia hyberna L. (Euphorbiaceae)Publication . Ferreira, Ana Margarida V. D.; Carvalho, Maria João; Sequeira, Miguel M.; Silva, Artur M. S.; Carvalho, Luís H. M.Chemical investigation of the aerial part and the roots of Euphorbia hyberna L. subs. hyberna. resulted in the isolation and identification of four triterpenoids (3�-O-octadecanoyllupeol (1), glut-5-en-3�-ol (2), 24-methylenecicloartan-3�-ol (3) and cicloart-23-ene-3�,25-diol (6)) along with the phenolic compounds ellagic acid (4) and 3,30 -di-O-methylellagic acid (7). Although these are all known compounds, this is the first report of their isolation from this plant. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods, including 2D NMR experiences, and confirmed by comparing with the literature data.
- Modelling the ageing process: a novel strategy to analyze the wine evolution towards the expected featuresPublication . Pereira, Ana C.; Carvalho, Maria J.; Miranda, Andreia; Leça, João M.; Pereira, Vanda; Albuquerque, Francisco; Marques, José C.; Reis, Marco S.In this work we present a new strategy to monitor the wine evolution during the ageing process. More specifi cally, we validate a procedure for analyzing how wine evolves during the ageing process in relation to the desired and expected quality features and we apply the proposed methodology to the case of a Portuguese fortified wine, the Madeira wine, where we compare the wine evolution under two different ageing processes. The approach developed consists on modeling samples labeled as aged reference wines (5 year old Madeira wines), produced from four different grape varieties, and then analyze how and in which extent young wines (up to 3 years old) come closer to the reference data set. The analysis is based on a comprehensive set of chemical data, including: polyphenolic composition, organic acids, reducing sugars, color and oenological parameters, commonly used as routine quality control information. The study considers several feature extraction methods, such as: Principal Components of Analysis (PCA), Independent Component of Analysis (ICA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS). The classification methodologies tested were: Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), nearest neigh bor (k-NN) and Soft Independent Modelling by Class Analogy (SIMCA). The different options of preprocessing/ feature extraction/classification were evaluated and compared using a Monte Carlo approach. From our analysis, the best combination of feature extraction/classification methodologies was PLS/LDA, which presented a classification performance of approximately 90% for three out of the four classes modeled, and of about 78% for the remaining one. Regarding the wines monitored during the first 3 years, our analysis revealed that they indeed mature in relation to the five year old reference wines. Furthermore, for some wines, it is possible to detect differences between the two ageing processes analyzed. This study is of particular importance for this type of wines, where the ageing process plays a central role for attaining the expected quality levels, implying significant risks and costs for local and industrial producers. Notwithstanding the specific case study presented, the strategy outlined can be extrapolated to other products with similar characteristics in terms of their monitoring and process control
- Caracterização e isolamento de compostos bioactivos do fungo Laurobasidium lauri (Madre de louro)Publication . Carvalho, Maria João Menezes; Castilho, Paula Cristina Machado FerreiraOs objectivos deste trabalho consistiram em desenvolver um método de separação eficaz e reprodutível de modo a isolar as lactonas sesquiterpénicas - dehidrocostus e costunolida - de extractos do fungo parasita da espécie Laurus novocanariensis - Laurobasidium lauri; em testar os compostos relativamente às suas capacidades antioxidantes e bioactivas - citotoxicidade e alelopatia - e em obter uma quantidade considerável destas lactonas de modo a enviar para laboratórios em parceria para realização de testes de actividade anticancerígena in vitro (Instituto Canário de Investigação em Cancro), de antituberculose in vivo (Instituto politécnico Nacional, México), de actividade anti-inflamatória in vivo (UNIVALI, Brasil) e de actividade anti-ulcerativa in vivo. Neste trabalho foi possível isolar 116 mg de lactona costunolida com 97% de pureza através do fraccionamento do extracto de Madre de Louro em hexano pela técnica de cromatografia em coluna aberta com sistema de eluentes Hexano:Acetato de etilo (50:0 – 43:7 mL), procedendo à sua identificação por HPLC-MS e RMN 13C, não tendo sido possível atingir o mesmo objectivo para a lactona dehidrocostus. O extracto de Madre de Louro em Metanol demonstrou ser a amostra com maior poder antioxidante relativamente aos teste de ABTS, DPPH e FRAP, enquanto o extracto em Diclorometano apresentou maior poder antioxidante no teste do β-caroteno/ácido linoléico. No que toca aos ensaios biológicos, o extracto de madre de louro em hexano foi o que apresentou um valor de DL50 mais baixo (0,1mg/mL) representando assim maior poder de toxicidade perante as larvas de camarão (Artemia salina).
- Evaluation of wine colour under accelerated and oak-cask ageing using CIELab and chemometric approachesPublication . Carvalho, Maria João; Pereira, Vanda; Pereira, Ana C.; Pinto, João L.; Marques, José C.The present study aims to analyse the evolution of colour and browning of fortified wines submitted to oak and accelerated ageing induced by temperature, both traditional ageing processes of Madeira wines. These wines were follow ed during the first 2 years of ageing and were simultaneously compared to aged reference samples, in order to disclose if accelerated ageing favours the wine evolution. The data anal ysis approaches followed two strategies: the first one was based on the monitoring of wine colour parameters based on CIELab methodology, while the second strategy adopted an untargeted approach, taking advantage of all wine information comprised on the UV-vis spectrum. CIELab results indicated that the greatest variation (up to 92 %) occurs during the vinification, since it was observed that wines produced from the same grape variety (Tinta Negra) acquired different char acteristics already on the vinification processes. All wines tend to approach the reference samples during ageing, with the lowest ΔE* value obtained for Malvasia submitted to canteiro at 2 years of ageing (3.29 units). Sweet Tinta Negra wines, previously submitted to estufagem, presented the most pronounced colour change associated with ageing. The multi variate principal component analysis (PCA) model was built with aged reference samples to evaluate how young wines acquire the reference wine’s characteristics and revealed that accelerated ageing increases colour evolution and favours the homogeneity of Malvasia wines.
- Antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity and antimycobacterial activity of Madeira Archipelago endemic helichrysum dietary and medicinal plantsPublication . Gouveia-Figueira, Sandra C.; Gouveia, Carla A.; Carvalho, Maria J.; Rodrigues, Ana I.; Nording, Malin L.; Castilho, Paula C.The potential bioactivity of dietary and medicinal endemic Helichrysum plants from Madeira Archipelago was explored, for the first time, in order to supply new information for the general consumer. In vitro antioxidant properties were investigated using DPPH, ABTS(•+), FRAP and β-Carotene assays, and the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also determined. Although the results generally showed a large variation among the three analyzed plants, the methanolic extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Exception is made for H. devium n-hexane extract that showed good radical scavenger capacity associated to compounds with good reducing properties. In the Artemia salina toxicity assay and antimycobaterial activity, H. devium was the most potent plant with the lowest LD50 at 216.7 ± 10.4 and MIC ≤ 50 μg·mL(-1). Chemometric evaluation (Principal Component Analysis-PCA) showed close interdependence between the ABTS, TPC and TFC methods and allowed to group H. devium samples.
- Multiparameter optical monitoring of Madeira winePublication . Pereira, Vanda; Marques, José Carlos; Carvalho, Maria João; Chen, Monchu; Sol, Ricardo; Novo, Catarina; Bilro, Lúcia; Antunes, Paulo; Alberto, Nélia; Pinto, João LemosMadeira wine vinification process has been most ly empiric and requiring further studies. The present paper describes the existing pilot plant facility in Madeira Univer sity, with the installed controlled systems and safety devices. An advanced multi-parameter platform for real time moni toring and interactive data visualization is described and its potential use demonstrated.
- Nutritional and phytochemical composition of Vaccinium padifolium Sm wild berries and radical scavenging activityPublication . Carvalho, Maria J.; Gouveia, Carla S.; Vieira, Ana C.; Pereira, Ana C.; Carvalho, Miguel Â.; Marques, José C.Blueberries have a well-deserved reputation as a potential functional food, supported by studies which have identified and quantified various nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals with known benefits for human diet and health. Wild blueberries have attracted particular attention due to the levels and concentrations of those phytonutrients. This study aims to evaluate for the first time the chemical composition of Madeira Island's endemic Vaccinium padifolium Sm wild berry. Results show that this fruit contains high values of total soluble phenolic content (around 4 g GAE kg-1 FW), as well as significant values of total monomeric anthocyanin content (around 3 g eq. cyanidin kg-1 FW) and DPPH scavenging activity (around 86.72%). Additionally, results reveal that this fruit has water content of about 88% as well as low sugar content (17.98 and 29.73 g kg-1 for glucose and fructose, respectively). Results also confirm that this wild blueberry is a good source of dietary fiber, fat and minerals. The high level of terpenoid compounds stands out in the aroma profile analysis.