Browsing by Author "Andrade, Carolina Fátima Pereira"
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- Bioprospection of bioactive compounds from coffee waste biomass as a useful strategy for its valorizationPublication . Andrade, Carolina Fátima Pereira; Câmara, José de Sousa; Gouveia, Rosa Maria de Sá PerestreloCoffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world and its consumption generates copious amounts of waste. The most relevant by-product of the coffee industry are the spent coffee grounds, with 6 million tons being produced worldwide per year. Although generally treated as waste, spent coffee grounds are a rich source of several bioactive compounds, with applications in diverse industrial fields. The present work aimed the analysis of spent coffee grounds from different geographical origins (Guatemala, Colombia, Brazil, Timor, and Ethiopia) for the identification of bioactive compounds with industrial interest. For this purpose, the volatile fingerprint was established by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Additionally, the bioactive and antioxidant potential was assessed through a µ-QuEChERS methodology coupled to spectrophotometric techniques (total phenolic content (TPC), and DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays). Finally, the identification of the bioactive compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity attributed to the spent coffee grounds was attempted, using miniaturized solid phase extraction (µ-SPEed) coupled to ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UHPLC-PDA). The volatile fingerprint analysis enabled the identification of a total of 111 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the spent coffee grounds belonging to different chemical families. Furanic compounds, nitrogen compounds, esters, carbonyl compounds, volatile phenols, and terpenoids comprised most of the volatile fingerprint, with the remaining chemical families only constituting less than 2%. Some of the major VOCs identified have been reported in literature to have great potential as raw material for applications in food and/or in non-food products. The highest value for the TPC was obtained for the sample from Brazil (53.68 ± 3.120 mg GAE/100 g DW), while Colombia presented the lowest value (41.56 ± mg GAE/100 g DW). As for the DPPH assay, the highest scavenging activity was presented by Brazil (78.11 ± 7.333 mg TE/100 g DW) and the lowest for Guatemala (50.64 ± 5.257 mg TE/100 g DW). Finally, the UHPLC-PDA analysis permitted the identification and quantification of seven bioactive compounds in the spent coffee grounds, which were 3- and 5-cafeoylquinic, 4,5-, 1,5-, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic and caffeic acids, and caffeine. 5- cafeoylquinic acid and caffeine were the most abundant compounds found in all of the samples analyzed and highest concentrations were registered for the Guatemala sample (385.3 ± 24.38 e 391.9 ± 27.31 mg/100 g, respectively). These bioactive compounds are responsible for several biological effects in the human organism, with high potential applications in cosmetic, pharmacological, and food industries, as well as in plague control. The results obtained in this work show that spent coffee grounds are a rich source of several bioactive compounds, supporting its bioprospection based on circular economy concept closing the loop of coffee value chain, toward the valorization of coffee by products.