Browsing by Author "Williams, F."
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Distribution of HLA alleles in Portugal and Cabo Verde. Relationships with the slave trade routePublication . Spínola, Hélder; Brehm, A.; Williams, F.; Jesus, J.; Middleton, D.HLA-A,-B, and -DR frequencies were analysed in populations from Portugal and the Madeira and Cabo Verde Archipelagos, aiming to characterize their genetic composition. Portuguese settlers colonized both Archipelagos in the 15th and 16th centuries. Madeira received many sub-Saharan slaves to work in the sugar plantations, and Cabo Verde served as a pivotal market in the Atlantic slave trade and was populated by individuals coming from the Senegambia region of the West African coast. The population of Madeira shows the highest genetic diversity and the presence of alleles and haplotypes usually linked to sub-Saharan populations, the haplotypes accounting for 3±5% of the total. Cabo Verde presents typical markers acknowledged to be of European or IberoMediterranean origin, thus revealing the admixture of European settlers with Sub-Saharan slaves. Altogether the number of European haplotypes reaches 15% of the total. The Portuguese population shows a perceivable and significant heterogeneity both in allele and haplotype frequencies, unveiling a differential input of peoples from different origins. A PCA of the populations studied, plus other relevant ones, clearly shows gene heterogeneity in mainland Portugal as well as the differences and relationships between these populations and Madeira and Cabo Verde.
- HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 alleles in populations from Madeira, Cabo Verde and three other regions of PortugalPublication . Spínola, H.; Williams, F.; Brehm, A.; Middleton, D.Population from Portugal North (Latitude 41N, Longitude 8W) Portugal South (Latitude 37N, Longitude 8W) Portugal Centre (Latitude 39N, Longitude 8W) Cabo Verde (Latitude 16N, Longitude 24W) Madeira (Latitude 32N, Longitude 17W) consisted of 46 Caucasians, 49 Caucasians, 50 Caucasians, 64 Black and 185 Caucasians respectively. All individuals were from an urban and rural environment and in all populations the grandparents had also lived in the same area. HLA alleles were determined by sequence specific oligonucleotide probes. The results have previously been published in Annuals of Human Geriatrics 66, 285–296, 2002. It was not possible to distinguish DRB1*15 from DRB1*16 and the results are given under DRB1*15.