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Publication
O valor cultural das plantas autóctones no Arquipélago da Madeira
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Authors
Abstract(s)
O estudo da importância cultural das plantas autóctones concorre para a sua valorização
e a da floresta que integram e, por sua vez, esta revalorização da floresta e da paisagem
natural representa uma contribuição para as apostas do futuro na cultura e na
sustentabilidade. Através de uma análise multidisciplinar, focada na Gestão Cultural, e
atenta às diversas vertentes da cultura, é possível olhar para os produtos culturais e
perceber em que medida isto é relevante. Ao longo de seis séculos de ocupação humana
do arquipélago da Madeira, as manifestações culturais aí desenvolvidas tiveram
influência do ambiente natural envolvente, incluindo as plantas, que adquiriram
aplicações utilitárias e simbólicas. Logo no início do povoamento, as plantas foram
protagonistas na toponímia. As madeiras valiosas que deram o nome à maior ilha e ao
arquipélago, ao longo dos séculos, propiciaram o desenvolvimento de vários e
importantes ofícios, suportaram múltiplas atividades quotidianas e tradicionais e foram
aplicadas em obras que se encontram, hoje, dignamente musealizadas. Durante séculos,
os madeirenses, a partir da sua herança cultural, recorreram às propriedades medicinais,
tintureiras e condimentares das plantas nativas que, em muitos casos, são comuns ao
Mediterrâneo, chegando, em situações de maior dificuldade, a introduzir na gastronomia
raízes e tubérculos que, ainda hoje, podem ser pretexto para a dinamização cultural de
algumas localidades. As plantas nativas madeirenses tiveram representação em obras de
arte e literatura e um lugar no paisagismo local, com destaque nas quintas, mas também
noutros pontos do mundo, onde o seu valor ornamental é apreciado. O vasto conjunto
estudado, de objetos e práticas, vivas ou abandonadas, assim como a potencialidade de
novas criações da relação dos madeirenses com o meio natural, teriam um enquadramento
justo num ecomuseu.
The study of the cultural relevance of indigenous plants contributes to their valorisation and that of the forests they comprise. In turn, this valorisation of the forest and natural landscape is a contribution to future investments in culture and sustainability. Through a multidisciplinary analysis focused on Cultural Management, attentive to the different aspects of culture, we look at cultural products and acknowledge to what extent this is significant. Over six centuries of human occupation of the Madeira archipelago, the cultural manifestations developed there were influenced by the surrounding natural environment, including plants, which acquired utilitarian and symbolic applications. Since the settlement, plants were protagonists in toponymy. The valuable woods that gave the name to the largest island and to the archipelago itself, for centuries, facilitated the development of several important crafts, supported multiple daily and traditional activities, and were applied in works that are today properly exposed in museums. For centuries, Madeirans, based on their cultural heritage, have resorted to the medicinal, dyeing, and flavouring properties of native plants that, in many cases, are common to the Mediterranean. In circumstances of greater difficulty, some introduced tubers into the local cuisine which, even today, are a pretext for cultural dynamism in some locations. Plants native to Madeira were represented in works of art and literature and have a place in local landscaping, particularly in quintas, but also abroad, where their ornamental value is prized. The vast set of objects and practices studied, still prevalent, or abandoned, and potential new creations from the relationship between people in Madeira and the natural environment would fit well into an Eco Museum.
The study of the cultural relevance of indigenous plants contributes to their valorisation and that of the forests they comprise. In turn, this valorisation of the forest and natural landscape is a contribution to future investments in culture and sustainability. Through a multidisciplinary analysis focused on Cultural Management, attentive to the different aspects of culture, we look at cultural products and acknowledge to what extent this is significant. Over six centuries of human occupation of the Madeira archipelago, the cultural manifestations developed there were influenced by the surrounding natural environment, including plants, which acquired utilitarian and symbolic applications. Since the settlement, plants were protagonists in toponymy. The valuable woods that gave the name to the largest island and to the archipelago itself, for centuries, facilitated the development of several important crafts, supported multiple daily and traditional activities, and were applied in works that are today properly exposed in museums. For centuries, Madeirans, based on their cultural heritage, have resorted to the medicinal, dyeing, and flavouring properties of native plants that, in many cases, are common to the Mediterranean. In circumstances of greater difficulty, some introduced tubers into the local cuisine which, even today, are a pretext for cultural dynamism in some locations. Plants native to Madeira were represented in works of art and literature and have a place in local landscaping, particularly in quintas, but also abroad, where their ornamental value is prized. The vast set of objects and practices studied, still prevalent, or abandoned, and potential new creations from the relationship between people in Madeira and the natural environment would fit well into an Eco Museum.
Description
Keywords
Gestão cultural Plantas Madeiras Etnobotânica Ecomuseu Madeira (Portugal) Cultural management Plants Wood Ethnobotany Eco museum Gestão Cultural . Faculdade de Artes e Humanidades