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Percorrer por autor "Carvalho, Maria J."

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  • Antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity and antimycobacterial activity of Madeira Archipelago endemic helichrysum dietary and medicinal plants
    Publication . Gouveia-Figueira, Sandra C.; Gouveia, Carla A.; Carvalho, Maria J.; Rodrigues, Ana I.; Nording, Malin L.; Castilho, Paula C.
    The potential bioactivity of dietary and medicinal endemic Helichrysum plants from Madeira Archipelago was explored, for the first time, in order to supply new information for the general consumer. In vitro antioxidant properties were investigated using DPPH, ABTS(•+), FRAP and β-Carotene assays, and the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also determined. Although the results generally showed a large variation among the three analyzed plants, the methanolic extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Exception is made for H. devium n-hexane extract that showed good radical scavenger capacity associated to compounds with good reducing properties. In the Artemia salina toxicity assay and antimycobaterial activity, H. devium was the most potent plant with the lowest LD50 at 216.7 ± 10.4 and MIC ≤ 50 μg·mL(-1). Chemometric evaluation (Principal Component Analysis-PCA) showed close interdependence between the ABTS, TPC and TFC methods and allowed to group H. devium samples.
    2014-10-31Artigo científico Acesso aberto Ver mais
  • Modelling the ageing process: a novel strategy to analyze the wine evolution towards the expected features
    Publication . Pereira, Ana C.; Carvalho, Maria J.; Miranda, Andreia; Leça, João M.; Pereira, Vanda; Albuquerque, Francisco; Marques, José C.; Reis, Marco S.
    In this work we present a new strategy to monitor the wine evolution during the ageing process. More specifi cally, we validate a procedure for analyzing how wine evolves during the ageing process in relation to the desired and expected quality features and we apply the proposed methodology to the case of a Portuguese fortified wine, the Madeira wine, where we compare the wine evolution under two different ageing processes. The approach developed consists on modeling samples labeled as aged reference wines (5 year old Madeira wines), produced from four different grape varieties, and then analyze how and in which extent young wines (up to 3 years old) come closer to the reference data set. The analysis is based on a comprehensive set of chemical data, including: polyphenolic composition, organic acids, reducing sugars, color and oenological parameters, commonly used as routine quality control information. The study considers several feature extraction methods, such as: Principal Components of Analysis (PCA), Independent Component of Analysis (ICA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS). The classification methodologies tested were: Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), nearest neigh bor (k-NN) and Soft Independent Modelling by Class Analogy (SIMCA). The different options of preprocessing/ feature extraction/classification were evaluated and compared using a Monte Carlo approach. From our analysis, the best combination of feature extraction/classification methodologies was PLS/LDA, which presented a classification performance of approximately 90% for three out of the four classes modeled, and of about 78% for the remaining one. Regarding the wines monitored during the first 3 years, our analysis revealed that they indeed mature in relation to the five year old reference wines. Furthermore, for some wines, it is possible to detect differences between the two ageing processes analyzed. This study is of particular importance for this type of wines, where the ageing process plays a central role for attaining the expected quality levels, implying significant risks and costs for local and industrial producers. Notwithstanding the specific case study presented, the strategy outlined can be extrapolated to other products with similar characteristics in terms of their monitoring and process control
    2016Artigo científico Acesso aberto Ver mais
  • Nutritional and phytochemical composition of Vaccinium padifolium Sm wild berries and radical scavenging activity
    Publication . Carvalho, Maria J.; Gouveia, Carla S.; Vieira, Ana C.; Pereira, Ana C.; Carvalho, Miguel Â.; Marques, José C.
    Blueberries have a well-deserved reputation as a potential functional food, supported by studies which have identified and quantified various nutrients and bioactive phytochemicals with known benefits for human diet and health. Wild blueberries have attracted particular attention due to the levels and concentrations of those phytonutrients. This study aims to evaluate for the first time the chemical composition of Madeira Island's endemic Vaccinium padifolium Sm wild berry. Results show that this fruit contains high values of total soluble phenolic content (around 4 g GAE kg-1 FW), as well as significant values of total monomeric anthocyanin content (around 3 g eq. cyanidin kg-1 FW) and DPPH scavenging activity (around 86.72%). Additionally, results reveal that this fruit has water content of about 88% as well as low sugar content (17.98 and 29.73 g kg-1 for glucose and fructose, respectively). Results also confirm that this wild blueberry is a good source of dietary fiber, fat and minerals. The high level of terpenoid compounds stands out in the aroma profile analysis.
    2017Artigo científico Acesso aberto Ver mais
  • Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants
    Publication . Zhou, Bin; Bentham, James; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Bixby, Honor; Danaei, Goodarz; Cowan, Melanie J; Paciorek, Christopher J; Singh, Gitanjali; Hajifathalian, Kaveh; Bennett, James E; Taddei, Cristina; Deschamps, Valérie; Dhana, Klodian; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F; Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares; Diaz, Alejandro; Dickerson, Ty T; Do, Ha T P; Dobson, Annette J; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Stevens, Gretchen A; Bikbov, Mukharram; Donoso, Silvana P; Döring, Angela; Doua, Kouamelan; Drygas, Wojciech; Dulskiene, Virginija; Džakula, Aleksandar; Dzerve, Vilnis; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta; Eggertsen, Robert; Ekelund, Ulf; Bjerregaard, Peter; Riley, Leanne M; El Ati, Jalila; Ellert, Ute; Elliott, Paul; Elosua, Roberto; Erasmus, Rajiv T; Erem, Cihangir; Eriksen, Louise; de la Peña, Jorge Escobedo; Evans, Alun; Bjertness, Espen; Faeh, David; Bovet, Pascal; Fall, Caroline H; Farzadfar, Farshad; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J; Ferguson, Trevor S; Fernández-Bergés, Daniel; Ferrante, Daniel; Ferrari, Marika; Ferreccio, Catterina; Björkelund, Cecilia; Ferrieres, Jean; Finn, Joseph D; Elliott, Paul; Fischer, Krista; Föger, Bernhard; Foo, Leng Huat; Forslund, Ann-Sofie; Forsner, Maria; Fortmann, Stephen P; Fouad, Heba M; Blokstra, Anneke; Francis, Damian K; Franco, Maria do Carmo; Franco, Oscar H; Gu, Dongfeng; Frontera, Guillermo; Fuchs, Flavio D; Fuchs, Sandra C; Fujita, Yuki; Furusawa, Takuro; Gaciong, Zbigniew; Bo, Simona; Gareta, Dickman; Garnett, Sarah P; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Gasull, Magda; Ikeda, Nayu; Gates, Louise; Gavrila, Diana; Geleijnse, Johanna M; Ghasemian, Anoosheh; Ghimire, Anup; Bobak, Martin; Giampaoli, Simona; Gianfagna, Francesco; Giovannelli, Jonathan; Goldsmith, Rebecca A; Gonçalves, Helen; Jackson, Rod T; Gross, Marcela Gonzalez; Rivas, Juan P González; Gottrand, Frederic; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Boeing, Heiner; Grafnetter, Dušan; Grajda, Aneta; Gregor, Ronald D; Grodzicki, Tomasz; Grøntved, Anders; Gruden, Grabriella; Joffres, Michel; Grujic, Vera; Gu, Dongfeng; Guan, Ong Peng; Boggia, Jose G; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Guerrero, Ramiro; Guessous, Idris; Guimaraes, Andre L; Gulliford, Martin C; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna; Gunter, Marc; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Gupta, Prakash C; Gureje, Oye; Boissonnet, Carlos P; Gurzkowska, Beata; Gutierrez, Laura; Gutzwiller, Felix; Hadaegh, Farzad; Halkjær, Jytte; Hambleton, Ian R; Hardy, Rebecca; Harikumar, Rachakulla; Laatikainen, Tiina; Hata, Jun; Bilano, Ver; Hayes, Alison J; He, Jiang; Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth; Henriques, Ana; Cadena, Leticia Hernandez; Herrala, Sauli; Heshmat, Ramin; Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani; Ho, Sai Yin; Lam, Tai Hing; Bongard, Vanina; Ho, Suzanne C; Hobbs, Michael; Hofman, Albert; Dinc, Gonul Horasan; Hormiga, Claudia M; Horta, Bernardo L; Houti, Leila; Howitt, Christina; Htay, Thein Thein; Htet, Aung Soe; Braeckman, Lutgart; Laxmaiah, Avula; Hu, Yonghua; Huerta, José María; Husseini, Abdullatif S; Huybrechts, Inge; Hwalla, Nahla; Iacoviello, Licia; Iannone, Anna G; Ibrahim, M Mohsen; Ikram, M Arfan; Brajkovich, Imperia; Irazola, Vilma E; Liu, Jing; Islam, Muhammad; Ivkovic, Vanja; Iwasaki, Masanori; Jackson, Rod T; Jacobs, Jeremy M; Jafar, Tazeen; Jamrozik, Konrad; Janszky, Imre; Branca, Francesco; Jasienska, Grazyna; Jelakovic, Bojan; Miranda, J Jaime; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Joffres, Michel; Johansson, Mattias; Jonas, Jost B; Jørgensen, Torben; Joshi, Pradeep; Juolevi, Anne; Breckenkamp, Juergen; Jurak, Gregor; Jureša, Vesna; Kaaks, Rudolf; Mondo, Charles K; Kafatos, Anthony; Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra; Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi; Kasaeian, Amir; Katz, Joanne; Kauhanen, Jussi; Brenner, Hermann; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Kavousi, Maryam; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli; Keil, Ulrich; Neuhauser, Hannelore K; Boker, Lital Keinan; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Kelishadi, Roya; Kemper, Han C G; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Brewster, Lizzy M; Kersting, Mathilde; Key, Timothy; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalili, Davood; Khang, Young-Ho; Sundström, Johan; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Kiechl, Stefan; Killewo, Japhet; Kim, Jeongseon; Bruno, Graziella; Klumbiene, Jurate; Kolle, Elin; Kolsteren, Patrick; Korrovits, Paul; Koskinen, Seppo; Kouda, Katsuyasu; Smeeth, Liam; Koziel, Slawomir; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Krokstad, Steinar; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B(as); Kromhout, Daan; Kruger, Herculina S; Kubinova, Ruzena; Kuciene, Renata; Kuh, Diana; Kujala, Urho M; Kula, Krzysztof; Soric, Maroje; Kulaga, Zbigniew; Kumar, R Krishna; Bugge, Anna; Kurjata, Pawel; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Laatikainen, Tiina; Lachat, Carl; Lam, Tai Hing; Landrove, Orlando; Woodward, Mark; Lanska, Vera; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M; Lappas, Georg; Larijani, Bagher; Laugsand, Lars E; Laxmaiah, Avula; Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen; Le, Tuyen D; Leclercq, Catherine; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Jeonghee; Ezzati, Majid; Burns, Con; Lehtimäki, Terho; Lekhraj, Rampal; León-Muñoz, Luz M; Levitt, Naomi S; Li, Yanping; Lilly, Christa L; Lim, Wei-Yen; Lima-Costa, M Fernanda; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Lin, Xu; Bursztyn, Michael; Abarca-Gómez, Leandra; Linneberg, Allan; Lissner, Lauren; Litwin, Mieczyslaw; Lorbeer, Roberto; Lotufo, Paulo A; Lozano, José Eugenio; Luksiene, Dalia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lunet, Nuno; de León, Antonio Cabrera; Lytsy, Per; Abdeen, Ziad A; Ma, Guansheng; Ma, Jun; Machado-Coelho, George L L; Machi, Suka; Maggi, Stefania; Magliano, Dianna J; Majer, Marjeta; Makdisse, Marcia; Cacciottolo, Joseph; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rahul; Rahim, Hanan Abdul; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna; Malyutina, Sofia; Manios, Yannis; Mann, Jim I; Manzato, Enzo; Margozzini, Paula; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Cameron, Christine; Marrugat, Jaume; Martorell, Reynaldo; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M; Matijasevich, Alicia; Matsha, Tandi E; Mbanya, Jean Claude N; Posso, Anselmo J Mc Donald; McFarlane, Shelly R; McGarvey, Stephen T; Can, Günay; McLachlan, Stela; McLean, Rachael M; McNulty, Breige A; Khir, Amir Sharifuddin Md; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia; Medzioniene, Jurate; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Meisinger, Christa; Menezes, Ana Maria B; Cândido, Ana Paula C; Menon, Geetha R; Meshram, Indrapal I; Metspalu, Andres; Mi, Jie; Mikkel, Kairit; Adams, Robert; Miller, Jody C; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta; Mohamed, Mostafa K; Capuano, Vincenzo; Mohammad, Kazem; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohan, Viswanathan; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd; Møller, Niels C; Molnár, Dénes; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Momenan, Amirabbas; Mondo, Charles K; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K; Cardoso, Viviane C; Moreira, Leila B; Morejon, Alain; Moreno, Luis A; Morgan, Karen; Moschonis, George; Mossakowska, Malgorzata; Mostafa, Aya; Afsana, Kaosar; Mota, Jorge; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel; Carlsson, Axel C; Motta, Jorge; Muiesan, Maria L; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina; Murphy, Neil; Mursu, Jaakko; Musil, Vera; Nagel, Gabriele; Naidu, Balkish M; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A; Nakamura, Harunobu; Djalalinia, Shirin; Námešná, Jana; Nang, Ei Ei K; Nangia, Vinay B; Narake, Sameer; Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria; Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba; Neal, William A; Nenko, Ilona; Nervi, Flavio; Agyemang, Charles; Carvalho, Maria J.; Nguyen, Nguyen D; Nguyen, Quang Ngoc; Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E; Niiranen, Teemu J; Ning, Guang; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Nishtar, Sania; Noale, Marianna; Noboa, Oscar A; Noorbala, Ahmad Ali; Casanueva, Felipe F; Ahmadvand, Alireza; Noorbala, Teresa; Noto, Davide; Al Nsour, Mohannad; O'Reilly, Dermot; Oh, Kyungwon; Olinto, Maria Teresa A; Oliveira, Isabel O; Omar, Mohd Azahadi; Onat, Altan; Casas, Juan-Pablo; Ordunez, Pedro; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Osmond, Clive; Ostojic, Sergej M; Otero, Johanna A; Overvad, Kim; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Paccaud, Fred Michel; Padez, Cristina; Pahomova, Elena; Caserta, Carmelo A; Pajak, Andrzej; Palli, Domenico; Al Raddadi, Rajaa; Palmieri, Luigi; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Panza, Francesco; Papandreou, Dimitrios; Parnell, Winsome R; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Pecin, Ivan; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha; Pednekar, Mangesh S; Peer, Nasheeta; Peeters, Petra H; Al Woyatan, Rihab; Peixoto, Sergio Viana; Pelletier, Catherine; Peltonen, Markku; Pereira, Alexandre C; Pérez, Rosa Marina; Peters, Annette; Chan, Angelique W; Petkeviciene, Janina; Pham, Son Thai; Pigeot, Iris; Pikhart, Hynek; Ali, Mohamed M; Pilav, Aida; Pilotto, Lorenza; Pitakaka, Freda; Plans-Rubió, Pedro; Polakowska, Maria; Chan, Queenie; Polašek, Ozren; Porta, Miquel; Portegies, Marileen LP; Pourshams, Akram; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Prashant, Mathur; Price, Jacqueline F; Puiu, Maria; Punab, Margus; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K; Qasrawi, Radwan F; Qorbani, Mostafa; Radic, Ivana; Radisauskas, Ricardas; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Raitakari, Olli; Aly, Eman; Raj, Manu; Rao, Sudha Ramachandra; Ramachandran, Ambady; Chaturvedi, Nishi; Ramos, Elisabete; Rampal, Sanjay; Reina, Daniel A Rangel; Rasmussen, Finn; Redon, Josep; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M; Ribeiro, Robespierre; Amouyel, Philippe; Riboli, Elio; Rigo, Fernando; Chen, Chien-Jen; de Wit, Tobias F Rinke; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M; Robinson, Sian M; Robitaille, Cynthia; Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Rodriguez-Perez del Cristo, María; Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Amuzu, Antoinette; Rosengren, Annika; Khatibzadeh, Shahab; Rubinstein, Adolfo; Ornelas, Rui; Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra; Horimoto, Andrea R V Russo; Rutkowski, Marcin; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Sachdev, Harshpal S; Saidi, Olfa; Sakarya, Sibel; Andersen, Lars Bo; Chen, Fangfang; Salanave, Benoit; Salazar Martinez, Eduardo; Salmerón, Diego; Salomaa, Veikko; Salonen, Jukka T; Salvetti, Massimo; Sánchez-Abanto, Jose; Sans, Susana; Santos, Diana; Santos, Ina S; Chen, Huashuai; Anderssen, Sigmund A; Santos, Renata Nunes dos; Santos, Rute; Saramies, Jouko L; Sardinha, Luis B; Margolis, Giselle Sarganas; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Saum, Kai-Uwe; Savva, Savvas C; Scazufca, Marcia; Chen, Shuohua; Schargrodsky, Herman; Ängquist, Lars; Schneider, Ione J; Schultsz, Constance; Schutte, Aletta E; Sen, Abhijit; Senbanjo, Idowu O; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Sharma, Sanjib K; Shaw, Jonathan E; Chen, Zhengming; Shibuya, Kenji; Shin, Dong Wook; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Shin, Youchan; Siantar, Rosalynn; Sibai, Abla M; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Simon, Mary; Simons, Judith; Simons, Leon A; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Sjöström, Michael; Skovbjerg, Sine; Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta; Ansong, Daniel; Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw; Smeeth, Liam; Smith, Margaret C; Snijder, Marieke B; So, Hung-Kwan; Sobngwi, Eugène; Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui; Söderberg, Stefan; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo; Sonestedt, Emily; Song, Yi; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Sørensen, Thorkild IA; Jérome, Charles Sossa; Soumare, Aicha; Staessen, Jan A; Starc, Gregor; Chetrit, Angela; Stathopoulou, Maria G; Stavreski, Bill; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Stehle, Peter; Stein, Aryeh D; Araújo, Joana; Stergiou, George S; Stessman, Jochanan; Stieber, Jutta; Stöckl, Doris; Chiolero, Arnaud; Stocks, Tanja; Stokwiszewski, Jakub; Stronks, Karien; Strufaldi, Maria Wany; Sun, Chien-An; Sundström, Johan; Ariansen, Inger; Sung, Yn-Tz; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul; Sy, Rody G; Chiou, Shu-Ti; Tai, E Shyong; Tammesoo, Mari-Liis; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Tang, Line; Tang, Xun; Tanser, Frank; Tao, Yong; Aris, Tahir; Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul; Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Taylor, Anne; Theobald, Holger; Thijs, Lutgarde; Thuesen, Betina H; Tjonneland, Anne; Tolonen, Hanna K; Tolstrup, Janne S; Topbas, Murat; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Topór-Madry, Roman; Lugero, Charles; Tormo, María José; Torrent, Maties; Traissac, Pierre; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Trinh, Oanh T H; Trivedi, Atul; Tshepo, Lechaba; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K; Aryal, Krishna; Cho, Belong; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Turley, Maria L; Tynelius, Per; Tzourio, Christophe; Ueda, Peter; Ugel, Eunice; Ulmer, Hanno; Uusitalo, Hannu M T; Valdivia, Gonzalo; Cho, Yumi; Arveiler, Dominique; Valvi, Damaskini; van der Schouw, Yvonne T; Van Herck, Koen; van Rossem, Lenie; van Valkengoed, Irene GM; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Vanuzzo, Diego; Vatten, Lars; Vega, Tomas; Chudek, Jerzy; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo; Assah, Felix K; Veronesi, Giovanni; Verschuren, W M Monique; Verstraeten, Roosmarijn; Victora, Cesar G; Viet, Lucie; Viikari-Juntura, Eira; Vineis, Paolo; Vioque, Jesus; Cifkova, Renata; Virtanen, Jyrki K; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie; Assunção, Maria Cecília F; Viswanathan, Bharathi; Vollenweider, Peter; Voutilainen, Sari; Vrdoljak, Ana; Vrijheid, Martine; Wade, Alisha N; Wagner, Aline; Claessens, Frank; Walton, Janette; Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan; Wang, Ming-Dong; Avdicová, Mária; Wang, Qian; Wang, Ya Xing; Wannamethee, S Goya; Wareham, Nicholas; Wedderkopp, Niels; Weerasekera, Deepa; Clays, Els; Whincup, Peter H; Widhalm, Kurt; Widyahening, Indah S; Wiecek, Andrzej; Azevedo, Ana; Wijga, Alet H; Wilks, Rainford J; Willeit, Johann; Willeit, Peter; Williams, Emmanuel A; Concin, Hans; Wilsgaard, Tom; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Wong, Tien Yin; Wong-McClure, Roy A; Woo, Jean; Azizi, Fereidoun; Woodward, Mark; Wu, Aleksander Giwercman; Wu, Frederick C; Wu, Shou Ling; Cooper, Cyrus; Xu, Haiquan; Yan, Weili; Yang, Xiaoguang; Ye, Xingwang; Yiallouros, Panayiotis K; Yoshihara, Akihiro; Babu, Bontha V; Younger-Coleman, Novie O; Yusoff, Ahmad F; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M; Cooper, Rachel; Zambon, Sabina; Zdrojewski, Tomasz; Zeng, Yi; Zhao, Dong; Zhao, Wenhua; Zheng, Yingffeng; Zhu, Dan; Bahijri, Suhad; Zimmermann, Esther; Zuñiga Cisneros, Julio; Coppinger, Tara C; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Bandosz, Piotr; Banegas, José R; Barbagallo, Carlo M; Barceló, Alberto; Barkat, Amina; Barros, Aluisio J D; Barros, Mauro V; Bata, Iqbal; Batieha, Anwar M; Peykari, Niloofar; Baur, Louise A; Beaglehole, Robert; Romdhane, Habiba Ben; Benet, Mikhail; Benson, Lowell S; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio; Bernotiene, Gailute; Bettiol, Heloisa; Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor; Bharadwaj, Sumit; Costanzo, Simona; Bhargava, Santosh K; Bi, Yufang; Cottel, Dominique; Cowell, Chris; Craig, Cora L; Crujeiras, Ana B; Cruz, Juan J; D'Arrigo, Graziella; d'Orsi, Eleonora; Dallongeville, Jean; Damasceno, Albertino; Zhang, Wan Zhu; Dankner, Rachel; Dantoft, Thomas M; Dauchet, Luc; De Backer, Guy; De Bacquer, Dirk; de Gaetano, Giovanni; De Henauw, Stefaan; De Smedt, Delphine; Deepa, Mohan; Dehghan, Abbas; Lu, Yuan; Delisle, Hélène
    Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe.
    2017Artigo científico Acesso aberto Ver mais