Browsing by Author "Chaves, Raquel N."
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- Are there gross motor coordination spurts during mid‐childhood?Publication . Santos, Marcos A. M. dos; Baxter‐Jones, Adam; Reyes, Ana C.; Freitas, Duarte; Henrique, Rafael S.; Chaves, Raquel N.; Bustamante, Alcibíades; Tani, Go; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Maia, JoséObjectives: The aims of this study were (1) to identify the timing of the mid growth spurt (MGS) in stature in children and (2) to identify gross motor coordina tion (GMC) spurts when aligned by the age of attainment of the MGS (aMGS). Methods: Stature, weight, and GMC were measured in 245 Portuguese children followed annually from 6 to 10 years. GMC was assessed and to estimate children's MGS in stature as well as GMC spurts in each of the four tests aligned by aMGS, we used a nonsmoothed polynomial methodology. Results: In boys, the aMGS was attained at 7.8 years, whereas in girls it was 8.0 years. In boys, the peak MGS was 6.2 cm yr−1 and in girls it was 6.4 cm yr−1 . In boys, the peak for walking backwards (WB) occurred 18 months before aMGS (14.9-points yr−1 ), jumping sideways (JS) was 12 months after aMGS (13.5-points yr−1 ), hopping on one leg (HO) was 18 months before aMGS (11.7-points yr−1 ), and shifting platform (SP) was 12 months before aMGS (6.8-points yr−1 ). In girls, WB spurts occurred 12 months after aMGS (13.3-points yr−1 ), JS was 12 months before aMGS (10.5-points yr−1 ), HO was coincident with aMGS (10.4-points yr−1 ), and SP was 18 as well as 12 months before aMGS (7.2-points yr−1 ). No differences were observed in the mean peak spurts between sexes in the GMC tests. Conclusions: Boys and girls reached their MGS in stature at about the same chro nological age. Spurts in GMC did not express themselves in the same biological timing relative to aMGS in stature, and there are sex differences.
- Familial resemblance in gross motor coordination. The peruvian sibling study on growth and healthPublication . Valdívia, Alcibíades B.; Henrique, Rafael S.; Pereira, Sara; Chaves, Raquel N.; Tani, Go; Freitas, Duarte; Prista, Antonio; Stodden, David F.; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Hedeker, Donald; Maia, JoséBackground: The development of gross motor coordination (GMC) is governed by biological and environmental factors whose effect sizes are still unclear. Aim: To investigate sibling resemblance in GMC, as well as biological and environmental correlates of GMC among Peruvian children. Materials and methods: The sample comprised 1256 biological siblings (6–15 years old), from three geographical areas of Peru. GMC was assessed using the Korperkoordinationtest fur Kinder € (KTK) test battery. Anthropometry, biological maturation and physical fitness (PF) were also measured. Multilevel modelling was performed using Stata 14 software. Results: In general, sister–sister pairs (SS) showed the highest resemblance in GMC (q ¼ 0.24) com pared to brother–sister (BS) (q ¼ 0.10) and brother–brother (BB) pairs (q ¼ 0.07). On average, BB pairs had higher GMC than SS pairs and older siblings had higher GMC than younger siblings. Further, those with lower body mass index (BMI) and higher PF had higher GMC. There was also a significant inter action between age and PF with GMC. Siblings from the rainforest region demonstrated higher GMC than those from sea level and high-altitude siblings demonstrated lower GMC than their sea level peers. Conclusion: These results demonstrate statistically significant sibling resemblance in GMC. Age, BMI, PF and geographical area were significant correlates of GMC
- Genotype by sex and genotype by age interactions with sedentary behavior: the Portuguese healthy family studyPublication . Santos, Daniel M. V.; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Diego, Vincent P.; Blangero, John; Souza, Michele C.; Freitas, Duarte L.; Chaves, Raquel N.; Gomes, Thayse N.; Santos, Fernanda K.; Maia, José A. R.Sedentary behavior (SB) expression and its underlying causal factors have been progressively studied, as it is a major determinant of decreased health quality. In the present study we applied Genotype x Age (GxAge) and Genotype x Sex (GxSex) interaction methods to determine if the phenotypic expression of different SB traits is influenced by an interaction between genetic architecture and both age and sex. A total of 1345 subjects, comprising 249 fathers, 327 mothers, 334 sons and 325 daughters, from 339 families of The Portuguese Healthy Family Study were included in the analysis. SB traits were assessed by means of a 3-d physical activity recall, the Baecke and IPAQ questionnaires. GxAge and GxSex interactions were analyzed using SOLAR 4.0 software. Sedentary behaviour heritability estimates were not always statistically significant (p. 0.05) and ranged from 3% to 27%. The GxSex and GxAge interaction models were significantly better than the single polygenic models for TV (min/day), EEsed (kcal/day), personal computer (PC) usage and physical activty (PA) tertiles. The GxAge model is also significantly better than the polygenic model for Sed (min/day). For EEsed, PA tertiles, PC and Sed, the GxAge interaction was significant because the genetic correlation between SB environments was significantly different from 1. Further, PC and Sed variance heterogeneity among distinct ages were observed. The GxSex interaction was significant for EEsed due to genetic variance heterogeneity between genders and for PC due to a genetic correlation less than 1 across both sexes. Our results suggest that SB expression may be influenced by the interactions between genotype with both sex and age. Further, different sedentary behaviors seem to have distinct genetic architectures and are differentially affected by age and sex.