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Browsing by Author "Tyler-Smith, Chris"

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  • Africans in Yorkshire? The deepest-rooting clade of the Y phylogeny within an english genealogy
    Publication . King, Turi E; Parkin, Emma J; Swinfield, Geoff; Cruciani, Fulvio; Scozzari, Rosaria; Rosa, Alexandra; Lim, Si-Keun; Xue, Yali; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Jobling, Mark A
    The presence of Africans in Britain has been recorded since Roman times, but has left no apparent genetic trace among modern inhabitants. Y chromosomes belonging to the deepest-rooting clade of the Y phylogeny, haplogroup (hg) A, are regarded as African-specific, and no examples have been reported from Britain or elsewhere in Western Europe. We describe the presence of an hgA1 chromosome in an indigenous British male; comparison with African examples suggests a Western African origin. Seven out of 18 men carrying the same rare east-Yorkshire surname as the original male also carry hgA1 chromosomes, and documentary research resolves them into two genealogies with most-recent-common-ancestors living in Yorkshire in the late 18th century. Analysis using 77 Y-short tandem repeats (STRs) is consistent with coalescence a few generations earlier. Our findings represent the first genetic evidence of Africans among ‘indigenous’ British, and emphasize the complexity of human migration history as well as the pitfalls of assigning geographical origin from Y-chromosomal haplotypes
    2007Journal article Open access Show more
  • Toward male individualization with rapidly mutating y‐chromosomal short tandem repeats
    Publication . Ballantyne, Kaye N.; Ralf, Arwin; Aboukhalid, Rachid; Achakzai, Niaz M.; Anjos, Maria J.; Ayub, Qasim; Balažic, Jože; Ballantyne, Jack; Ballard, David J.; Berger, Burkhard; Bobillo, Cecilia; Bouabdellah, Mehdi; Burri, Helen; Capal, Tomas; Caratti, Stefano; Cárdenas, Jorge; Cartault, François; Carvalho, Elizeu F.; Carvalho, Monica; Cheng, Baowen; Coble, Michael D.; Comas, David; Corach, Daniel; D'Amato, Maria E.; Davison, Sean; de Knijff, Peter; De Ungria, Maria Corazon A.; Decorte, Ronny; Dobosz, Tadeusz; Dupuy, Berit M.; Elmrghni, Samir; Gliwiński, Mateusz; Gomes, Sara C.; Grol, Laurens; Haas, Cordula; Hanson, Erin; Henke, Jürgen; Henke, Lotte; Herrera-Rodríguez, Fabiola; Hill, Carolyn R.; Holmlund, Gunilla; Honda, Katsuya; Immel, Uta-Dorothee; Inokuchi, Shota; Jobling, Mark A.; Kaddura, Mahmoud; Kim, Jong S.; Kim, Soon H.; Kim, Wook; King, Turi E.; Klausriegler, Eva; Kling, Daniel; Kovačević, Lejla; Kovatsi, Leda; Krajewski, Paweł; Kravchenko, Sergey; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Lee, Eun Young; Lessig, Ruediger; Livshits, Ludmila A.; Marjanović, Damir; Minarik, Marek; Mizuno, Natsuko; Moreira, Helena; Morling, Niels; Mukherjee, Meeta; Munier, Patrick; Nagaraju, Javaregowda; Neuhuber, Franz; Nie, Shengjie; Nilasitsataporn, Premlaphat; Nishi, Takeki; Oh, Hye H.; Olofsson, Jill; Onofri, Valerio; Palo, Jukka U.; Pamjav, Horolma; Parson, Walther; Petlach, Michal; Phillips, Christopher; Ploski, Rafal; Prasad, Samayamantri P. R.; Primorac, Dragan; Purnomo, Gludhug A.; Purps, Josephine; Rangel-Villalobos, Hector; Rębała, Krzysztof; Rerkamnuaychoke, Budsaba; Gonzalez, Danel Rey; Robino, Carlo; Roewer, Lutz; Rosa, Alexandra; Sajantila, Antti; Sala, Andrea; Salvador, Jazelyn M.; Sanz, Paula; Schmitt, Cornelia; Sharma, Anil K.; Silva, Dayse A.; Shin, Kyoung-Jin; Sijen, Titia; Sirker, Miriam; Siváková, Daniela; Škaro, Vedrana; Solano-Matamoros, Carlos; Souto, Luis; Stenzl, Vlastimil; Sudoyo, Herawati; Syndercombe-Court, Denise; Tagliabracci, Adriano; Taylor, Duncan; Tillmar, Andreas; Tsybovsky, Iosif S.; Tyler-Smith, Chris; van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Vanek, Daniel; Völgyi, Antónia; Ward, Denise; Willemse, Patricia; Yap, Eric P.H.; Yong, Rita Y.Y.; Pajnič, Irena Zupanič; Kayser, Manfred
    Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are com monly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage iden tification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strik ingly, >99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were com pletely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836–0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost ab sent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in ur ban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father–son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and over all male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RM Y-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database.
    2014Journal article Open access Show more