Browsing by Author "Ullemar, Vilhelmina"
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- Education in twins and their parents across birth cohorts over 100 years: an individual-level pooled analysis of 42-twin cohortsPublication . Silventoinen, Karri; Jelenkovic, Aline; Latvala, Antti; Sund, Reijo; Yokoyama, Yoshie; Ullemar, Vilhelmina; Almqvist, Catarina; Derom, Catherine A.; Vlietinck, Robert F.; Loos, Ruth J. F.; Kandler, Christian; Kaprio, Jaakko; Honda, Chika; Inui, Fujio; Iwatani, Yoshinori; Watanabe, Mikio; Rebato, Esther; Stazi, Maria A.; Fagnani, Corrado; Brescianini, Sonia; Hur, Yoon-Mi; Jeong, Hoe-Uk; Cutler, Tessa L.; Hopper, John L.; Busjahn, Andreas; Saudino, Kimberly J.; Ji, Fuling; Ning, Feng; Pang, Zengchang; Rose, Richard J.; Koskenvuo, Markku; Heikkilä, Kauko; Cozen, Wendy; Hwang, Amie E.; Mack, Thomas M.; Siribaddana, Sisira H.; Hotopf, Matthew; Sumathipala, Athula; Rijsdijk, Fruhling; Sung, Joohon; Kim, Jina; Lee, Jooyeon; Lee, Sooji; Nelson, Tracy L.; Whitfield, Keith E.; Tan, Qihua; Zhang, Dongfeng; Llewellyn, Clare H.; Fisher, Abigail; Burt, S. Alexandra; Klump, Kelly L.; Knafo-Noam, Ariel; Mankuta, David; Abramson, Lior; Medland, Sarah E.; Martin, Nicholas G.; Montgomery, Grant W.; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Pedersen, Nancy L.; Dahl Aslan, Anna K.; Corley, Robin P.; Huibregtse, Brooke M.; Öncel, Sevgi Y.; Aliev, Fazil; Krueger, Robert F.; McGue, Matt; Pahlen, Shandell; Willemsen, Gonneke; Bartels, Meike; van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M.; Silberg, Judy L.; Eaves, Lindon J.; Maes, Hermine H.; Harris, Jennifer R.; Brandt, Ingunn; Nilsen, Thomas S.; Rasmussen, Finn; Tynelius, Per; Baker, Laura A.; Tuvblad, Catherine; Ordoñana, Juan R.; Sánchez-Romera, Juan F.; Colodro-Conde, Lucia; Gatz, Margaret; Butler, David A.; Lichtenstein, Paul; Goldberg, Jack H.; Harden, K. Paige; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Duncan, Glen E.; Buchwald, Dedra; Tarnoki, Adam D.; Tarnoki, David L.; Franz, Carol E.; Kremen, William S.; Lyons, Michael J.; Maia, José A.; Freitas, Duarte L.; Turkheimer, Eric; Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.; Boomsma, Dorret I.Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990–1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.
- Parental education and genetics of BMI from infancy to old age: a pooled analysis of 29 twin cohortsPublication . Silventoinen, Karri; Jelenkovic, Aline; Latvala, Antti; Yokoyama, Yoshie; Sund, Reijo; Sugawara, Masumi; Tanaka, Mami; Matsumoto, Satoko; Aaltonen, Sari; Piirtola, Maarit; Freitas, Duarte L.; Maia, José A.; Öncel, Sevgi Y.; Aliev, Fazil; Ji, Fuling; Ning, Feng; Pang, Zengchang; Rebato, Esther; Saudino, Kimberly J.; Cutler, Tessa L.; Hopper, John L.; Ullemar, Vilhelmina; Almqvist, Catarina; Magnusson, Patrik K. E.; Cozen, Wendy; Hwang, Amie E.; Mack, Thomas M.; Willemsen, Gonneke; Bartels, Meike; van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M.; Nelson, Tracy L.; Whitfield, Keith E.; Sung, Joohon; Kim, Jina; Lee, Jooyeon; Lee, Sooji; Llewellyn, Clare H.; Fisher, Abigail; Medda, Emanuela; Nisticò, Lorenza; Toccaceli, Virgilia; Baker, Laura A.; Tuvblad, Catherine; Corley, Robin P.; Huibregtse, Brooke M.; Derom, Catherine A.; Vlietinck, Robert F.; Loos, Ruth J. F.; Knafo‐Noam, Ariel; Mankuta, David; Abramson, Lior; Burt, S. Alexandra; Klump, Kelly L.; Silberg, Judy L.; Maes, Hermine H.; Krueger, Robert F.; McGue, Matt; Pahlen, Shandell; Gatz, Margaret; Butler, David A.; Harris, Jennifer R.; Nilsen, Thomas S.; Harden, K. Paige; Tucker‐Drob, Elliot M.; Franz, Carol E.; Kremen, William S.; Lyons, Michael J.; Lichtenstein, Paul; Jeong, Hoe‐Uk; Hur, Yoon‐Mi; Boomsma, Dorret I.; Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.; Kaprio, JaakkoObjective: The objective of this study was to analyze how parental education modifies the genetic and environmental variances of BMI from infancy to old age in three geographic-cultural regions. Methods: A pooled sample of 29 cohorts including 143,499 twin individuals with information on parental education and BMI from age 1 to 79 years (299,201 BMI measures) was analyzed by genetic twin modeling. Results: Until 4 years of age, parental education was not consistently associated with BMI. Thereafter, higher parental education level was associated with lower BMI in males and females. Total and additive genetic variances of BMI were smaller in the offspring of highly educated parents than in those whose parents had low education levels. Especially in North American and Australian children, environmental factors shared by co-twins also contributed to the higher BMI variation in the low education level category. In Europe and East Asia, the associations of parental education with mean BMI and BMI variance were weaker than in North America and Australia. Conclusions: Lower parental education level is associated with higher mean BMI and larger genetic vari ance of BMI after early childhood, especially in the obesogenic macro-environment. The interplay among genetic predisposition, childhood social environment, and macro-social context is important for socioeco nomic differences in BMI