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  • Multivariate analysis for the classification and differentiation of Madeira wines according to main grape varieties
    Publication . Câmara, José S.; Alves, Maria Arminda; Marques, José C.
    In order to differentiate and characterize Madeira wines according to main grape varieties, the volatile composition (higher alcohols, fatty acids, ethyl esters and carbonyl compounds) was determined for 36 monovarietal Madeira wine samples elaborated from Boal, Malvazia, Sercial and Verdelho white grape varieties. The study was carried out by headspace solid-phase microextraction technique (HS-SPME), in dynamic mode, coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Corrected peak area data for 42 analytes from the above mentioned chemical groups was used for statistical purposes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in order to determine the main sources of variability present in the data sets and to establish the relation between samples (objects) and volatile compounds (variables). The data obtained by GC–MS shows that the most important contributions to the differentiation of Boal wines are benzyl alcohol and (E)-hex-3-en-1-ol. Ethyl octadecanoate, (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol and benzoic acid are the major contributions in Malvazia wines and 2-methylpropan-1-ol is associated to Sercial wines. Verdelho wines are most correlated with 5-(ethoxymethyl)-furfural, nonanone and cis-9-ethyldecenoate. A 96.4% of prediction ability was obtained by the application of stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) using the 19 variables that maximise the variance of the initial data set.
    2006-02Journal article Open access Show more
  • From simple monopyridine clusters [Mo6Br13(Py-R)][n-Bu4N] and hexapyridine clusters [Mo6X8(Py-R)6][OSO2CF3]4 (X = Br or I) to cluster-cored organometallic stars, dendrons, and dendrimers
    Publication . Méry, Denise; Plault, Lauriane; Ornelas, Cátia; Ruiz, Jaime; Nlate, Sylvain; Astruc, Didier; Blais, Jean-Claude; Rodrigues, João; Cordier, Stéphane; Kirakci, Kaplan; Perrin, Christiane
    Hexasubstitution of apical triflate ligands in the octahedral clusters [M]2[Mo6X8(CF3SO3)6] (M = n-Bu4N or Cs, X = Br or I) and monosubstitution in [n-Bu4N]2[Mo6Br13(CF3SO3)] was carried out in tetrahydrofuran at 60 degrees C with simple pyridines and then extended to organometallic pyridines, yielding cluster-cored stars, and to dendronic polyallyl- and polyferrocenylpyridines, yielding cluster-cored polyallyl and polyferrocenyl dendrimers and dendrons. The orange pyridine-substituted clusters, whose pyridine protons are deshielded in 1H NMR (a practical tool for characterization), are air-stable and thermally stable with simple pyridines, light- and air-sensitive with organometallic pyridines, and air-fragile and thermally fragile with large dendronized pyridines.
    2006-02-06Journal article Restricted access Show more