Teses de Doutoramento
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Browsing Teses de Doutoramento by Field of Science and Technology (FOS) "Ciências Médicas"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Indicadores psicológicos e de qualidade de vida de pacientes em contexto hospitalar: um contributo para o trabalho de equipa na psicologia da saúdePublication . Roque, Fátima Liliana Gouveia; Soares, Maria Luísa PereiraA presente investigação intitulada, Indicadores Psicológicos e de Qualidade de Vida de Pacientes no Contexto Hospitalar: Um Contributo Para o Trabalho de Equipa na Psicologia da Saúde tem como principais objetivos, efetuar uma reflexão acerca: da evolução dos conceitos de Saúde e Doença, dos contributos da Psicologia da Saúde, especificando o trabalho do Psicólogo em Contexto Hospitalar e do Processo de reabilitação da pessoa com incapacidade física adquirida. Outra das finalidades da presente investigação é proceder a uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos conceitos de Qualidade de Vida (QV), Sintomatologia Depressiva e Adesão aos Tratamentos, bem como: 1) analisar os níveis de qualidade de vida de 172 utentes de um Serviço de Medicina Física e Reabilitação; 2) explorar a presença de sintomatologia depressiva na amostra; 3) analisar a adesão destes mesmos utentes à medicação prescrita para a sua doença; 4) avaliar o impacto do grau de sintomatologia depressiva na QV dos sujeitos; 5) Perceber quais os principais motivos que levam o Médico Fisiatra a encaminhar utentes para as consultas de psicologia. O hospital é um dos contextos em que os Psicólogos podem desenvolver as suas competências. O Psicólogo que exerce a sua profissão em contexto hospitalar fá-lo numa equipa multidisciplinar. O papel primordial do psicólogo na equipa de trabalho é o de ser um generalista que é responsável pela contextualização do problema, quer ao nível das questões psicológicas e psicossociais quer ao nível do problema de saúde. Um dos serviços hospitalares em que é essencial a colaboração do Psicólogo é a Medicina Física e Reabilitação. Porém, existe escassa literatura científica relativa ao 3 acompanhamento psicológico de indivíduos com défices físicos e incapacidades adquiridas.
- Neuroimaging studies on familiarity of music in children with autism spectrum disorderPublication . Freitas, Carina Patrícia de BarrosThe field of music neuroscience allows us to use music to investigate human cognition in vivo. Examining how brain processes familiar and unfamiliar music can elucidate underlying neural mechanisms of several cognitive processes. To date, familiarity in music listening and its neural correlates in typical adults have been investigated using a variety of neuroimaging techniques, yet the results are inconsistent. In addition, these correlates and respective functional connectivity related to music familiarity in typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are unknown. The present work consists of two studies. The first one reviews and qualitatively synthesizes relevant literature on the neural correlates of music familiarity, in healthy adult populations, using different neuroimaging methods. Then it estimates the brain areas most active when listening to familiar and unfamiliar musical excerpts using a coordinate-based meta-analyses technique of neuroimaging data. We established that motor brain structures were consistently active during familiar music listening. The activation of these motor-related areas could reflect audio-motor synchronization to elements of the music, such as rhythm and melody, so that one can tap, dance and “covert” sing along with a known song. Results from this research guided our second study. This work investigated the familiarity effect in music listening in both TD and ASD children, using magnetoencephalography (MEG). This technique enabled us to study brain connectivity and characterize the networks and frequency bands involved while listening to familiar and unfamiliar songs. TD children recruited a similar brain network as those in typical adults during familiar music listening, in the gamma frequency band. Compared to TD, children with ASD showed relatively intact processing of familiar songs but atypical processing of unfamiliar songs in theta and beta-bands. Atypical functional connectivity of other unfamiliar stimuli has been reported in ASD. Our findings reinforced that processing novelty is a challenge. Overall, this work contributes to the advancement of both fields of music neuroscience and brain connectivity in ASD.
- Using brain-computer interaction and multimodal virtual-reality for augmenting stroke neurorehabilitationPublication . Vourvopoulos, Athanasios; Badia, Sergi Bermudez iEvery year millions of people suffer from stroke resulting to initial paralysis, slow motor recovery and chronic conditions that require continuous reha bilitation and therapy. The increasing socio-economical and psychological impact of stroke makes it necessary to find new approaches to minimize its sequels, as well as novel tools for effective, low cost and personalized reha bilitation. The integration of current ICT approaches and Virtual Reality (VR) training (based on exercise therapies) has shown significant improve ments. Moreover, recent studies have shown that through mental practice and neurofeedback the task performance is improved. To date, detailed in formation on which neurofeedback strategies lead to successful functional recovery is not available while very little is known about how to optimally utilize neurofeedback paradigms in stroke rehabilitation. Based on the cur rent limitations, the target of this project is to investigate and develop a novel upper-limb rehabilitation system with the use of novel ICT technolo gies including Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI’s), and VR systems. Here, through a set of studies, we illustrate the design of the RehabNet frame work and its focus on integrative motor and cognitive therapy based on VR scenarios. Moreover, we broadened the inclusion criteria for low mobility pa tients, through the development of neurofeedback tools with the utilization of Brain-Computer Interfaces while investigating the effects of a brain-to-VR interaction.