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- Multi-user Touch Surfaces to Promote Social Participation and Self-efficacy in Upper-limb Stroke RehabilitationPublication . Pereira, Fábio Dinis Silva; Cameirão, Mónica da SilvaThis thesis addresses the growing incidence of stroke and its impact on long-term disability, emphasizing the importance of post-stroke rehabilitation. Predicting a 34% increase in stroke cases by 2025, this work focuses on factors affecting post-stroke motor rehabilitation, such as depressive symptoms, while recognizing the role of social participation and self-efficacy in modulating these outcomes. To tackle these challenges, we propose the use of a multi-user interactive table for upper limb rehabilitation. This innovative approach involves detecting objects of various sizes and shapes as interfaces for serious games, fostering collective therapeutic activities targeting motor rehabilitation, depressive symptoms, social participation, and self-efficacy. Four exploratory studies informed the development of the interactive table. The studies determined game mechanics, object types, and game features. Three game modes (competitive, co-active, and collaborative) were explored, with the collaborative mode showing higher social engagement and more positive outcomes. Subsequent studies involving stroke survivors confirmed the effectiveness of collaborative gameplay. Feasibility, engagement, and usability were tested using objects of different sizes and shapes, revealing insights into task performance, grasping, and task complexity adjustments. The developed interactive table accommodates up to four participants, using top down object shape tracking and a multi-touch panel. Four serious games were designed to target specific upper limb skills, played in collaborative mode with incorporated features to enhance the overall experience. A pilot study with 12 stroke survivors over four weeks demonstrated significant improvements in motor outcomes, including range of motion, dexterity, strength, and coordination. The participants reported high enjoyment and interest in the system, with good usability scores. The study suggests that a group-based holistic motor rehabilitation approach, as presented, holds potential for enhancing motor outcomes by promoting social interaction and self-efficacy. These results indicate the viability of the proposed system as a promising solution for stroke rehabilitation.