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- Creativity support tool for sustainability: an LLM-Assisted Creative ProcessPublication . Rodrigues, Ana Isabel Mendonça; Rodrigues, Ana Isabel; Campos, Pedro Filipe Pereira; Cabral, Diogo Nuno Crespo RibeiroPromoting new ideas is fundamental and promising for fostering innovation in various sectors. Creativity is the fundamental basis of innovation, serving as a springboard for the development of new and useful ideas in their application context, driving innovation in various spheres of society, from organizational processes to cultural transformations. Driven by the impact and evolution of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and the rise of the creative process through technology, this doctoral thesis focuses on user experience (UX) during the creative process through the development of a creativity support tool - System Approach to Idea Evaluation and Selection of Ecosystem (SAIESE) - based on a Large Language Model (LLM). The central question of this thesis is to analyze which functionalities can be implemented in creativity support tools, with the aim of increasing support for the creative process (i.e., generation, evaluation, and selection of ideas) and, consequently, improving the creative experience during the resolution of sustainable tasks or problems. In this context, the creative process was guided by three sustainability metrics (i.e., environmental impact, economic benefits, and social effects), ensuring that creativity and the process were directed to the application context of this research. The methodology adopted combines a hybrid research approach (qualitative and quantitative data) and a systematic literature review (2012-2025), which established the theoretical basis for the practical development of the prototype. The prototypes developed were accompanied by empirical validations guided by the research questions initially defined and by some research hypotheses. After extensive evaluations, SAIESE proved to be a successful example of a creativity support tool based on a large-scale language model, providing efficient and effective support throughout the creative process. The research concludes with the development of a conceptual approach that synthesizes the different dimensions of the research. We present the theoretical framework (Divergent Convergent Thinking Framework (DCTF)) that represents the spatialization of the creative process through the Ideas Space and Solution Space present in the Double Diamond Model. Next, we revisit the classic principles of CSTs in light of contemporary LLM-based technologies. Finally, we explore the dynamics of control, transparency, and trust in human-AI collaboration, particularly in the context of convergent thinking and AI-assisted decision making. In conclusion, this thesis proposes a new creativity support tool that combines human cognitive processes with the capabilities of an LLM to inspire future researchers, such as designers, who want to develop tools tailored to application contexts.
- LLMs-Assisted decision-making in sustainable contextsPublication . Rodrigues, Ana; Cabral, Diogo; Campos, Pedro; Rodrigues, Ana Isabel; Pereira Campos, Pedro Filipe; Campos, PedroPromoting sustainability through creative approaches offers a path way to achieving sustainability goals, yet the resulting solutions often lack efficiency and effectiveness. Addressing this challenge, we introduce SAIESE, a Creativity Support Tool (CST) leveraging a Large Language Model (LLM) to support the creative process, the generation, evaluation, and selection of sustainable ideas. Our work articulates LLMs role in exploration and selection, focusing on sustainable ideas based on three metrics- Environmental Impact, Economic Benefits, and Social Effects. Our evaluation demonstrates that the prototype outperforms human evaluative tasks in usability, creative thinking, and decision-making while reducing cognitive workload. However, its effectiveness in promoting creativity de pends on the clarity of ideas, underlining the importance of hu man collaboration in ambiguous contexts. This work articulates the potential of AI in creativity, expanding current research on CSTs by highlighting sustainability-oriented creative processes and decision-making support.
- Inside the solution diamond: the role of CSTs supporting divergent and convergent thinkingPublication . Rodrigues, Ana; Cabral, Diogo; Campos, Pedro; Rodrigues, Ana Isabel; Pereira Campos, Pedro Filipe; Campos, PedroInspired by the growing development of Creativity Support Tools (CSTs) to enhance creative work over the past ten years, we in vestigate the evolution of these tools in supporting divergent and convergent thinking based on the Double Diamond model. How ever, the approaches developed so far do not represent the complete design space, indicating the existence of a limitation during the creative process. This article presents the Divergent-Convergent Thinking Framework (DCTF) to support an understanding of the composition of the creative spectrum. Based on a literature review (N=96), our framework synthesizes key categories of creativity and, particularly, research on CSTs. We propose six dimensions and four challenges and opportunities to guide the analysis of already developed CSTs, the development of future CSTs, and how to inte grate them into users’ workflow. To test its relevance, we present a possible scenario for the framework’s applicability in the context of sustainable design-oriented creativity. We demonstrate how the framework guides the selection of ideas, supporting the cyclical transition between divergent and convergent thinking.