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- Carbon nanotube-incorporated multilayered cellulose acetate nanofibers for tissue engineering applicationsPublication . Luo, Yu; Wang, Shige; Shen, Mingwu; Qi, Ruiling; Fang, Yi; Guo, Rui; Cai, Hongdong; Cao, Xueyan; Tomás, Helena; Zhu, Meifang; Shi, XiangyangWe report the fabrication of a novel carbon nanotube-containing nanofibrous polysaccharide scaffolding material via the combination of electrospinning and layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly techniques for tissue engineering applications. In this approach, electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were assembled with positively charged chitosan (CS) and negatively charged multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or sodium alginate (ALG) via a LbL technique. We show that the 3-dimensional fibrous structures of the CA nanofibers do not appreciably change after the multilayered assembly process except that the surface of the fibers became much rougher than that before assembly. The incorporation of MWCNTs in the multilayered CA fibrous scaffolds tends to endow the fibers with improved mechanical property and promote fibroblast attachment, spreading, and proliferation when compared with CS/ALG multilayer-assembled fibrous scaffolds. The approach to engineering the nanofiber surfaces via LbL assembly likely provides many opportunities for new scaffolding materials design in various tissue engineering applications.
- Electrospun laponite-doped poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofibers for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cellsPublication . Wang, Shige; Castro, Rita; An, Xiao; Song, Chenlei; Luo, Yu; Shen, Mingwu; Tomás, Helena; Zhu, Meifang; Shi, XiangyangWe report the fabrication of uniform electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers incorporated with laponite (LAP) nanodisks, a synthetic clay material for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In this study, a solution mixture of LAP suspension and PLGA was electrospun to form composite PLGA–LAP nanofibers with different LAP doping levels. The PLGA–LAP composite nanofibers formed were systematically characterized via different techniques. We show that the incorporation of LAP nanodisks does not significantly change the uniform PLGA fiber morphology, instead significantly improves the mechanical durability of the nanofibers. Compared to LAP-free PLGA nanofibers, the surface hydrophilicity and protein adsorption capacity of the composite nanofibers slightly increase after doping with LAP, while the hemocompatibility of the fibers does not appreciably change. The cytocompatibility of the PLGA–LAP composite nanofibers was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay of L929 mouse fibroblasts and porcine iliac artery endothelial cells cultured onto the surface of the nanofibers. The results reveal that the incorporated LAP is beneficial to promote the cell adhesion and proliferation to some extent likely due to the improved surface hydrophilicity and protein adsorption capability of the fibers. Finally, the PLGA–LAP composite nanofibers were used as scaffolds for osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. We show that both PLGA and PLGA–LAP composite nanofibers are able to support the osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs in osteogenic medium. Most strikingly, the doped LAP within the PLGA nanofibers is able to induce the osteoblast differentiation of hMSCs in growth medium without any inducing factors. The fabricated smooth and uniform organic–inorganic hybrid LAP-doped PLGA nanofibers may find many applications in the field of tissue engineering.
- Attapulgite-doped electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofibers enable enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cellsPublication . Wang, Zhe; Zhao, Yili; Luo, Yu; Wang, Shige; Shen, Mingwu; Tomás, Helena; Zhu, Meifang; Shi, XiangyangThe extracellular matrix mimicking property of electrospun polymer nanofibers affords their uses as an ideal scaffold material for differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which is important for various tissue engineering applications. Here, we report the fabrication of electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers incorporated with attapulgite (ATT) nanorods, a clay material for osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. We show that the incorporation of ATT nanorods does not significantly change the uniform morphology and the hemocompatibility of the PLGA nanofibers; instead the surface hydrophilicity and cytocompatibility of the hybrid nanofibers are slightly improved after doping with ATT. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin secretion, calcium content, and von Kossa staining assays reveal that hMSCs are able to be differentiated to form osteoblast-like cells onto both PLGA and PLGA–ATT composite nanofibers in osteogenic medium. Most strikingly, the doped ATT within the PLGA nanofibers is able to induce the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs in growth medium without the inducing factor of dexamethasone. The fabricated organic/inorganic hybrid ATT-doped PLGA nanofibers may find many applications in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.