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- O papel do comportamento do professor e do contexto da aula de educação física na promoção da aptidão cardiorrespiratóriaPublication . Peralta, Miguel; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Sarmento, Hugo; Martins, João; Catunda, Ricardo; Marques, Adilson
- Aulas de educação física baseadas na educação desportiva: uma revisão sistemáticaPublication . Góis, Francisca Maria Damasceno; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Sarmento, Hugo; Peralta, Miguel; Marques, AdilsonO presente trabalho teve como objetivo sumarizar as evidências de estudos sobre como a participação em aulas de educação física (EF) baseadas na educação desportiva (EDE) tem sido relacionada a atividade física (AF) em adolescentes, sobretudo quanto a participação em atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV), fatores psicológicos e sociais. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática que incluiu 8 bases eletrônicas (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, PSYCINFO, ERIC e COCHRANE). Uma pesquisa inicial alcançou 162 títulos, permanecendo 149 após a retirada dos duplicados. Outros 10 estudos foram incluídos com base nas listas de referências, totalizando 159 estudos na fase de identificação. Na triagem, foram excluídas 89 referências, permanecendo 70 referências para análise de texto completo. Nesta etapa, foram excluídas 53 referências, resultando em 17 referências que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Os estudos foram realizados entre 2002 e 2017, a maioria nos Estados Unidos. A maioria dos estudos reportou melhoras quanto aos fatores psicológicos e sociais, principalmente a motivação. Os dados sobre a participação dos adolescentes em AFMV foram contraditórios e inconclusivos, dificultando a compreensão do contributo do modelo para prática de AF dos alunos.
- Lower limbs strength variations between injured and non-injured professional soccer playersPublication . Martins, Francisco; França, Cíntia; Hugo Sarmento; Ricardo Henriques; Krzysztof Przednowek; Marcelo de Maio Nascimento; Adilson Marques; Andreas Ihle; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Sarmento, Hugo; Marques, Adilson; Ihle, Andreas; Gouveia, Élvio RúbioDue to its physical demands, professional soccer is becoming a real challenge regarding players’ exposure to high injury risk. Given its tight correlation with high-intensity actions, muscular strength is a crucial physical characteristic for soccer players. Therefore, the aims of this study are (a) to compare the vertical jumping performance during the season according to the injury profile, and (b) to investigate differences in isokinetic strength performance at the beginning and the end of the season. Twenty-one male professional soccer players (age: 26.0 ± 4.1 years, height: 181.0 ± 6.9 cm, body mass: 73.7 ± 6.9 kg) were assessed in isokinetic strength (Biodex System 4 Pro Dynamometer), and Optojump Next (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy). Isokinetic strength analyses considered the peak torque scores of knee flexors and knee extensors, according to the player's preferred and non-preferred limb. The countermovement and squat jump maximum height were assessed as lower body explosive strength indicators. No significant differences were found when comparing injured and non-injured players in vertical jump and isokinetic strength assessments. However, significant results were found when comparing both groups’ initial and final evaluation in isokinetic strength assessment, with both groups significantly improving their performance. Our findings indicate that the overall lower body strength performance was not a discriminant factor between injured and non-injury players. Thus, muscular strength assessment performance increased throughout the season independently of the injury profile. Future research needs to integrate other variables related to sports injuries since they seem to result from multifactorial causes.
- Variations in locomotor intensities across soccer match halves concerning player sectorial positionsPublication . Gouveia, Élvio Rubio; França, Cíntia; Henriques, Ricardo; Santos, Francisco; Mâncio, Rui; Przednowek, Krzysztof; Sarmento, Hugo; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; França, Cíntia; Baeta Santos, Francisco José; Sarmento, HugoPurposeThis study aims to explore disparities in locomotor metrics such as total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), accelerations (Acc), decelerations (Dec), and maximum speed (MS) across five soccer positions – centre defenders, fullbacks, midfielders, wingers, and forwards – during the 1-, 3-, and 5-minute match intensity periods (MIP). Additionally, it seeks to assess the difference in those locomotor metrics between the first and second halves of the match.MethodsAn observational, retrospective cohort study was undertaken with a professional team covering 32 official matches. A total of 20 soccer players participated in this study. Data were collected using a 10-Hz GNSS unit (Apex pro series, StatSports, Northern Ireland). The MIP considered different time durations (1, 3, 5 min in the 1st and the 2nd halves).ResultsSoccer players exhibited position-specific differences in locomotion, with Wingers covering the most distance and forwards showing the highest Acc and Dec. HSR was most notable in the fullbacks. The second half saw varied changes, with midfielders increasing in distance covered. ANCOVA revealed significant positional differences in TD during longer MIPs and between match halves. HSR varied across positions but only differed between halves in the 5-minute MIP. Acc and Dec displayed half-time differences, while maximal speed was consistently higher in the second half.ConclusionsThis study highlights the impact of player position and matches progression on locomotor metrics in soccer, underscoring the need for customised training and strategic adaptability to maximise performance throughout the game.
- Knee and hip muscle strength of male soccer players from different competitive levelsPublication . França, Cíntia; Martins, Francisco; Przednowek, Krzysztof; Marques, Adilson; Ihle, Andreas; Sarmento, Hugo; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; França, Cíntia; Pestana Martins, João Francisco; Marques, Adilson; Ihle, Andreas; Sarmento, Hugo; Gouveia, Élvio RúbioIn soccer, knee and hip muscle strength assessments have been recommended for injury prevention. The aims of this study were threefold: (1) to compare knee and hip muscle strength between professional players competing at different levels; (2) to compare strength performance according to the preferred leg (PL) and the non-preferred leg (NPL); and (3) to compare knee and hip muscle strength performance at two moments of the season. This study included 33 professional soccer players: 13 were in the elite group (EG), and 20 were in the sub-elite group (SEG). Body composition, isokinetic knee strength at 60º/s, and hip adduction strength were assessed at two different moments (M1 and M2). Values of peak torque (PT), peak torque/bodyweight (PT/BW), and the hamstring-to-quadriceps strength ratio (H:Q) for knee extensors (KEs) and knee flexors (KFs) for both legs were used for analysis. The statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests. At M1, the EG presented a significantly better performance in KF PT/BW and in the squeeze strength test for the PL and the NPL (p 0.01). At M2, the EG performed substantially better in KE PT/BW and KF PT/BW (p 0.01). No substantial strength differences were observed in knee and hip muscle performance between the PL and the NPL. From M1 to M2, significant increases were found in knee strength in both groups (p 0.01). Overall, the EG players outperformed significantly their lower-division peers in strength assessments. The results indicate significant knee and hip muscle strength increases during the season, probably as a response to the exposure to training and competition.
- Lower-body power, body composition, speed, and agility performance among youth soccer playersPublication . França, Cíntia; Gouveia, Élvio; Martins, Francisco; Ihle, Andreas; Henriques, Ricardo; Marques, Adilson; Sarmento, Hugo; Przednowek, Krzysztof; Lopes, Helder; França, Cíntia; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Pestana Martins, João Francisco; Ihle, Andreas; Marques, Adilson; Sarmento, Hugo; Lopes, HelderSpeed and agility have been described as crucial abilities for soccer players. The purpose of this study was to analyze, in detail, the variance in speed and agility tasks explained by lower-body power after controlling for age and body composition. The participants were 96 male soccer players aged 16.1 ± 1.6 years. Body composition (stature, body fat percentage—BF%, body mass, and fat-free mass—FFM), lower-body power (countermovement jump—CMJ, and squat jump—SJ), speed (5-, 10-, and 35 m sprints), and agility (t-test) were assessed. Among body composition parameters, BF% presented the highest number of significant relationships with speed and agility, with the strength of correlations ranging from small (5 m sprint, r = 0.25) to large (35 m sprint, r = 0.52). The strongest correlation coefficient emerged between FFM and the 35 m sprint (r = −0.65). Significant correlations were found between vertical jump performance and the 35 m sprint (CMJ: r = −0.68; SJ: r = −0.69), followed by the t-test (CMJ: r = −0.35; SJ: r = −0.47). The hierarchical multiple regression model could explain 22% to 67% of the variance observed in agility scores and speed. BF% remained the most statistically significant negative predictor of all regression models. The CMJ remained a statistically significant positive predictor of the 35 m sprint (β = −0.581, p ≤ 0.01) after controlling for age and body composition. Integrating programs targeting lower-body power might be important to enhance speed and agility performance in youth soccer. On the other hand, future research based on multidisciplinary approaches to investigate the effects of nutritional strategies in reducing or preventing gains in BF% is still needed, which remained a significant predictor of sprint and agility performance in the final models.
- Analyzing the effects of competitive fatigue on body composition and functional capacities of youth elite handball playersPublication . Martins, Francisco; França, Cíntia; Sarmento, Hugo; Przednowek, Krzysztof; Śliż, Maciej; Campos, Pedro; Lopes, Helder; Marques, Adilson; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Pestana Martins, João Francisco; França, Cíntia; Sarmento, Hugo; Campos, Pedro Filipe Pereira ; Lopes, Helder; Marques, Adilson; Gouveia, Élvio RúbioHandball demands intense movements like rapid direction changes and physical contact. Consecutive competitions expose player fatigue and weaknesses due to the sport’s exhaustive nature. Therefore, the aims of this study are twofold: (i) to investigate the impact of competitive fatigue on the body composition of youth elite handball players, and (ii) to analyze the impact of concentrated competition on their functional capacity performance. Seventeen young male handball players (age: 16.2 years, height; 177.8 cm, body mass: 73.0 kg) were assessed twenty-four hours before (TM1) and after the competitive period (TM2) in body composition, static strength, lower- and upper-body explosive strength, speed, agility, balance, and flexibility indicators. A Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was conducted to assess differences in body composition and functional capacities assessment between TM1 and TM2. Regarding results, body mass significantly increased in TM2 (p < 0.01), while increases in waist circumference and body fat percentage were not statistically significant. Functional capacity assessments revealed a significant decline in jumping performance (CMJ and SJ; p ≤ 0.01). Speed and agility assessments showed worse performance in TM2, significantly increasing 30 m sprint time (p ≤ 0.01). Balance indicators showed no significant differences, with mixed results in performance across different conditions. In sum, evaluating vertical jumps and long-distance maximum speed (i.e., 30 meters) could be valid tests for measuring and controlling fatigue in young elite handball players. Future research should regularly monitor young handballers after the competition to analyze the entire fatigue recovery process.
- Lower body strength and body composition in female footballPublication . França, Cíntia; Saldanha, Carolina; Martins, Francisco; Nascimento, Marcelo de Maio; Marques, Adilson; Ihle, Andreas; Sarmento, Hugo; Campos, Pedro; Gouveia, Élvio Rubio; França, Cíntia; da Costa Saldanha, Carolina Filipa; Pestana Martins, João Francisco; Marques, Adilson; Ihle, Andreas; Sarmento, Hugo; Campos, Pedro Filipe Pereira ; Gouveia, Élvio RúbioAbstract Lower-body strength plays a crucial role in football performance and injury prevention, and thus, monitoring of strength variables has become crucial in the training process. This study aims to (1) assess knee muscle strength performance through intra- and inter-limb asymmetries and (2) examine the relationships between knee muscle strength, body composition, and vertical jump performance (squat jump and countermovement jump). Twenty-seven semiprofessional female football players (21.5 ± 4.9 years) were evaluated for body composition, isokinetic knee muscle strength (60º/s and 180º/s), and vertical jump tasks. Peak torque (PT), peak torque/body weight (PT/BW), bilateral strength deficit, and the hamstring-to-quadriceps strength ratio (H/Q) for knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) in both the preferred and non-preferred legs. The H/Q ratio and the bilateral strength deficit revealed no significant intra- or inter-limb asymmetries in knee muscle strength. Strong correlations were found between vertical jump performance and KE strength at both 60º/s (p ≤ 0.01) and 180º/s (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between vertical jump performance and body fat percentage (p ≤ 0.01). These findings highlight the critical role of knee muscle strength in explosive tasks and underline the negative impact of higher body fat on lower-body strength performance.
- Characterizing psychomotor abilities of male handball players of different age categoriesPublication . Martins, Francisco; Śliż, Maciej; França, Cíntia; Sarmento, Hugo; Gouveia, Élvio Rubio; Campos, Pedro; Lopes, Helder; Przednowek, Krzysztof; Pestana Martins, João Francisco; França, Cíntia; Borges Sarmento, Hugo Miguel; Sarmento, Hugo; Gouveia, Elvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Campos, Pedro Filipe Pereira ; Lopes, Helder; Przednowek, KrzysztofSports performance is highly influenced by players’ mental, emotional, and psychomotor abilities. Particularly in handball, training methods aim to maximize players’ performance by fusing physical conditioning with cognitive abilities. The aim of this research was twofold: (1) to characterize players’ psychomotor abilities according to their age categories (U14, U16, and U18), and (2) to analyze the differences between psychomotor abilities profiles according to players’ field positions. The study population comprised 75 male youth handball players (15.3 ± 1.5 years) from different competitive age groups (U14 = 20 players; U16 = 27 players; U18 = 28 players). The psychomotor abilities were evaluated using the Test2Drive system. Three tests were performed to measure psychomotor abilities: (a) a simple reaction time test (SIRT), (b) a choice reaction time test (CHORT), and (c) a spatial anticipation test (SPANT). The only statistically significant difference was observed in the percentage of correct answers in the SPANT, showing that U16 players had a higher rate of correct answers than the others. However, some trends were visible throughout the analysis: (i) the U16 group performed better in terms of reaction time in all the tests, (ii) right-wingers were always the ones who had the best percentage of correct answers, and (iii) central players had the best movement time performance. Future research should include youth players' maturation stage, body composition, and physical fitness performance to characterize their profile deeply and analyze their psychomotor abilities, considering other factors that can impact their sports performance.
- Caracterização fisiológica do jogo de walking football em adultos idososPublication . Teixeira, Francisco; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Elvio Rúbio; Romão, Tiago; Sarmento, Hugo; Borges Sarmento, Hugo Miguel; Sarmento, Hugo; Marques, Adilson; Marques, Adilson; Ilhe, Andreas; Gouveia, Rosa; Henriques de Gouveia, Rosa; Fernandes, Humberto; Lopes, Helder; Lopes, HelderNos últimos anos, a prática de atividades físicas para idosos tem recebido crescente atenção devido aos seus potenciais benefícios para a saúde e bem-estar dessa população (Gouveia et al., 2023; Moreno-Agostino et al., 2020; Posadzki et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2023). Uma dessas atividades em ascensão é o "walking football", uma variação do futebol convencional que é jogada a um ritmo mais lento, sem corridas ou contatos físicos bruscos, tornando-a adequada para pessoas de todas as idades, incluindo os idosos (Capela et al., 2023; McEwan et al., 2019). O presente estudo tem dois objetivos: aferir a intensidade da atividade física durante a prática do Walking Football em pessoas idosas, visando compreender os níveis de esforço desta modalidade; e avaliar se a prática do Walking Football expõe os participantes ao risco de esforço máximo e por fim, analisar a relação entre idade e intensidade da atividade física no Walking Football. Em termos metodológicos, foi selecionada uma amostra composta por 17 homens e 3 mulheres, totalizando 20 participantes. Antes de iniciar a recolha dos dados os participantes foram informados sobre o presente estudo e todos concordaram com a recolha dos dados. A recolha dos dados foi realizada nos encontros de walking football nas diversas equipas. Os instrumentos utilizados na recolha dos dados foram as seguintes: acelerómetro, estadiómetro, balança, cardiofrequencímetro. Todos os instrumentos foram calibrados e utilizados de acordo com as instruções do fabricante para garantir a precisão e confiabilidade dos dados. No tratamento de dados foram calculados a frequência cardíaca máxima, frequência cárdica média, o número total de passos e o número total do vetor magnitude. Todos esses dados foram recolhidos em cada jogo em que as equipas participavam, com o objetivo de registar apenas o tempo de atividade dos atletas. Durante a prática, quando os participantes permaneceram inativos por 60 segundos, esses dados foram excluídos. Em termos de resultados, verificamos que, a intensidade da atividade física em jogos de walking football foi moderada e moderada -a- vigorosa. Quase 70% dos participantes estiveram no intervalo de 65 85% da FC máxima, o que significa que muitos não atingem valores de esforço máximo. Os resultados também mostraram que quanto mais velhos foram os participantes, menos tempo conseguiram permanecer em atividade de intensidade moderada a vigorosa. Conclui-se que o estudo busca uma compreensão abrangente dos efeitos da prática do Walking Football em pessoas idosas. A aferição da intensidade da atividade física durante o jogo visa fornecer insights sobre os níveis de esforço dos participantes, contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão dos benefícios dessa modalidade para a saúde. A análise da relação entre idade e intensidade da atividade física pode fornecer informações valiosas sobre como diferentes faixas etárias respondem à prática desta modalidade, informando possíveis adaptações ou recomendações para diferentes grupos de idade.