Assessing essential oils from Macaronesia: a study on their efficacy against phytopathogenic and obligate biotrophic fungi

Ferreira, Rui Miguel; Pereira, Verónica Sousa; Sardinha, Duarte Fernandes; Rodríguez Sabina, Samuel; Cabrera Pérez, Raimundo; Castilho, Paula Machado; Castilho, Paula C

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/7928

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Autores

Ferreira, Rui Miguel

Pereira, Verónica Sousa

Sardinha, Duarte Fernandes

Rodríguez Sabina, Samuel

Cabrera Pérez, Raimundo

Castilho, Paula Machado

Castilho, Paula C

Resumo(s)

BACKGROUND: Essential oils (EOs) extracted from eight culinary herbs and spices, some endemic to Macaronesia flora (Cedro nella canariensis, Clinopodium ascendens and Laurus novocanariensis) and others common in Mediterranean cuisine (Cinnamo mum burmannii, Ocimum gratissimum, Origanum vulgare subsp. virens, Syzygium aromaticum and Thymus vulgaris) were evaluated via direct-contact bioassays, both in vitro and in vivo, against three species of phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum) and the obligatory biotrophic fungus Oidium farinosum. Carvacrol-rich Origanum vulgare was selected to study the influence of isomerism on bioactivity, because Thymus vulgaris is rich in thymol, a structural isomer of carvacrol. RESULTS:FiveEOsexhibitedstrongtomoderateantifungalactivityandwerefurtherscreenedatlowerconcentrationstoassess their toxicity and growth inhibition thresholds. Cedronella canariensis showed no antifungal activity, whereas Laurus novoca nariensis demonstrated only weak activity against Botrytis cinerea. This fungus was more susceptible to the tested EO than the other phytopathogenic fungi. Origanum vulgare was slightly more effective than Thymus vulgaris, for all three phytopath ogenic fungi. Ocimum gratissimum, Syzygium aromaticum, and Cinnamomum burmannii significantly reduced powdery mildew severity, whereas Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris showed moderate activity. CONCLUSION:Phenylpropanoid-rich EOs, such as Cinnamomum burmannii, Ocimum gratissimum, and S. aromaticum, exhibited the strongest antifungal activity in both bioassays with phytopathogenic and obligate biotrophicfungi.Ourresults confirmthe higher antifungal activity of the phenylpropanoid class of EOs.

Palavras-chave

Essential oils Phytopathogenic fungi Obligate fungi Antifungal activity . Centro de Química da Madeira Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/7928

Citação

Ferreira, R. M., Pereira, V. S., Sardinha, D. F., Rodríguez Sabina, S., Pérez, R. C., & Castilho, P. M. (2026). Assessing essential oils from Macaronesia: a study on their efficacy against phytopathogenic and obligate biotrophic fungi. Pest Management Science, 82(1), 421-432.