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- Endless forms most wonderful: four new cavernicolous planthopper species (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae and Meenoplidae) from the Canary IslandsPublication . Hoch, Hannelore; López, Heriberto; Naranjo, Manuel; Aguín-Pombo, Dora; Oromí, Pedro; Aguin-Pombo, DoraThe Canary Islands harbour a rich and diverse fauna of obligate subterranean arthropods (i.e. troglobionts). Among the insect taxa which have repeatedly undergone the evolutionary switch from life on the surface to underground environments are the Fulgoromorpha, or planthoppers: Cixiidae and Meenoplidae. Previously, a total of 13 troglobitic planthopper species have been described from El Hierro, La Palma, Tenerife and Gran Canaria. Here we describe three new troglobitic cixiid species: Cixius palmirandussp. nov. from La Palma, Cixius theseussp. nov. from El Hierro and Tachycixius gomerobscurussp. nov. from La Gomera, and one new meenoplid species: Meenoplus skotinophilussp. nov. from El Hierro. Tachycixius gomerobscurussp. nov. is the first record of a subterranean adapted Fulgoromorpha on La Gomera. With now 17 documented species of strictly hypogean planthoppers, the Canary Islands hold the highest number of subterranean planthoppers of any region worldwide, representing ca. ¼ of all known species. We provide a key to all subterranean planthopper species known from the Canary Islands as well as information on their habitat, distribution, ecological classification and conservation status. As all highly specialized, narrow range troglobitic planthopper species must be regarded as vulnerable, if not endangered, climate change poses a major risk of extinction. We hypothesize on island colonization and subterranean speciation underlying taxonomic diversity and high endemicity. We conclude that the currently observed zoogeographic patterns imply the existence of an ancient fauna which is now extinct.
- True parthenogenesis and female-biased sex ratios in Cicadomorpha and Fulgoromorpha (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha)Publication . Aguín-Pombo, Dora; Kuznetsova, Valentina G.; Aguin-Pombo, DoraInsects are renowned for their remarkable diversity of reproductive modes. Among these, the largest non-holometabolous order, Hemiptera, stands out with one of the most diversified arrays of parthenogenesis modes observed among insects. Although there are extensive reviews on reproduction without fertilization in some hemipteran higher taxa, no such analysis has been conducted for the large suborders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers). In both groups, there are species that reproduce by true parthenogenesis, specifically thelytoky, and in Fulgoromorpha, there are species that reproduce by pseudogamy or, more specifically, sperm-dependent parthenogenesis. In this review paper, we give and discuss the only currently known examples of true parthenogenesis in Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha, mainly from the planthopper family Delphacidae and the leafhopper family Cicadellidae. We analyze patterns of distribution, ecology, mating behavior, acoustic communication, and cytogenetic and genetic diversity of parthenoforms and discuss hypotheses about the origin of parthenogenesis in each case. We also highlight examples in which natural populations show a shift in sex ratio toward females and discuss possible causes of this phenomenon, primarily the influence of endosymbiotic bacteria capable of altering the reproductive strategies of the hosts. Our review is mainly based on studies in which the authors have participated.
- Empoasca fabalis DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in European sweet potatoes: records, leaf damage, and Auchenorrhyncha insightsPublication . Aguin-Pombo, Dora; Boavida, Conceição; Valdiviesso, Teresa; Trindade, Cândida S.; Backus, Elaine; Mateus, Célia; Aguin-Pombo, DoraAbstractThe recent surge in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivation in Europe prompted an investigation into associated entomofauna within Portugal's southwestern region, known for its longstanding sweet potato production. This study aimed to assess entomofauna associated with this culture.Insect sampling was conducted by leaf and sweep net across three regional sites during 2018 and 2019 revealing the presence of Empoasca fabalis. Histological examination of sweet potato leaves affected by E. fabalis feeding unveiled significant damage, including the emergence of whitish spots (termed “stipples”) and subsequent necrotic spots. Comparative analysis between infested and undamaged control leaves revealed significant damage, involving mesophyll cell content deprivation and cellular disruption. This study describes, for the first time, the histological nature of the necrotic damage and suggests that E. fabalis primarily acts as a stippler on sweet potatoes, mainly targeting mesophyll cells with limited consumption of vascular tissue. The invasive behaviour and wide host range of E. fabalis pose a threat to sweet potato cultivation. These findings emphasize the need for monitoring to address the potential impact of E. fabalis on Europe’s agricultural ecosystem and native vegetation.In addition, six other Auchenorrhyncha species were identified during this study, including four crucial vectors of plant diseases: Laodelphax striatellus, Psammotettix alienus, Anaceratagallia glabra, Austroagallia sinuata, together with Empoasca solani and E. alsiosa. These results emphasise the importance of managing these insects in sweet potato cultivation.
- Three leafhoppers newly recorded from the European mainland (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), with notes on their habitatsPublication . Avivar-Lozano, Laura; Pérez-Guerrero, Sergio; Molina-Rodrígues, José Mª; Reis, Fábio; Dora, Aguin-Pombo; Reis, Fábio; Aguin-Pombo, DoraThe leafhopper fauna of the Iberian Peninsula is the least studied in Europe. Recent surveys in agroecosystem areas of southern Spain, specifically in Andalusia, aimed to identify potential Auchenorrhyncha vectors of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. During these surveys, three previously unrecorded species of Cicadellidae belonging to the subfamily Deltocephalinae have been discovered. These newly recorded species are Balclutha incisa (Matsumura), Cicadulina (Cicadulina) bipunctata (Melichar), and Maiestas angustisecta (Linnavuori). Generally, these species were previously only known from American, African and eastern Palaearctic regions. This work is the first to record these species on the European mainland. Detailed descriptions of adult specimens have been provided, along with information on their current distribution and host plants. The potential role of these leafhoppers as potential vectors of plant pathogens is discussed, highlighting their importance in agroecosystems.
- New records of Oecanthus species (Orthoptera, Oecanthidae) in the Madeira archipelagoPublication . Silva, Hugo Miguel; Avivar-Lozano, Laura; Gomes, Gonçalo; Rhee, Howon; Dellinger, Thomas; Aguín-Pombo, Dora; Silva, Hugo Miguel; Dellinger, Thomas; Aguin-Pombo, DoraThe Madeira and Porto Santo Islands have both witnessed substantial habitat loss since their initial colonization. Despite their small size and the degradation of their natural habitats, they harbor a rich diversity of terrestrial invertebrates, including a significant number of endemic species. While research on Orthoptera fauna has predominantly focused on the largest island of Madeira, the smaller island of Porto Santo has remained relatively understudied. Fieldwork on both islands has led to the discovery of Oecanthus dulcisonans Gorochov, 1993 in the Madeira archipelago (Porto Santo and Madeira) for the first time. This species was described based on specimens collected in Tenerife and the Arabian Peninsula. However, its distribution, which includes parts of Africa, Western Asia, and some localities in Southern Europe, remains poorly understood. Oecanthus dulcisonans is morphologically very similar to Oecanthus pellucens (Scopoli, 1763), the only species of this genus previously recorded for the island of Madeira. Due to this resemblance, doubts have arisen regarding which of these two species is present in Madeira. By examining new material of O. pellucens, we have confirmed the presence of this species on Madeira as well. These new findings highlight the fact that, for these species, the Madeira archipelago represents the western limit of their distributional ranges in the Palearctic region.
- Collembola of the Cavalum and Landeiro Caves (Madeira, Portugal)Publication . Baquero, Enrique; Arbea, Javier I.; Nunes, Élvio; Aguin-Pombo, Dora; Mateos, Eduardo; Jordana, Rafael; Aguin-Pombo, DoraThe cave fauna of the Macaronesian archipelagos is rich in endemic species. Unlike the Azores and the Canary Islands, the cave fauna of the Madeira archipelago is little known. The only two cave complexes studied, Machico and São Vicente, lack protection measures. São Vicente is seriously threatened because it is being exploited for touristic purposes, while the Machico complex, the only one in its natural state, is open to the public but without any control. The importance of the conservation of this cave fauna is indisputable. So far, of the 13 cavernicolous species recorded, two of them—genus Centromerus—are critically endangered. Apart from occasional sampling, no monitoring study has ever been carried out. The aim of this work has been to make a species checklist of the cave fauna of the Machico complex, the least studied so far. For this purpose, during 2001–2002, a monitoring study was carried out using traps and manual collections in the lava tubes of Landeiros and Cavalum (I, II, III). Fourteen species of springtails were recorded. Of these, four are new species, Neelus serratus Jordana & Baquero sp. nov., Coecobrya decemsetosa Jordana & Baquero sp. nov., Coecobrya octoseta Jordana & Baquero sp. nov., and Sinella duodecimoculata Jordana & Baquero sp. nov., and one is a new record for the archipelago, Lepidocyrtus curvicollis Bourlet, 1839.
- Discovery of Hishimonus diffractus Dai, Fletcher & Zhang, 2013 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) in Europe, with remarks on previously recorded species of the genusPublication . Bella, Salvatore; Aguín-Pombo, Dora; Aguiar, António M. F.; Kunz, Gernot; Miralles-Núnez, Adria; Foster, Stuart; Sánchez-García, Inigo; Wilson, Michael R.; D`Urso, VeraDuring recent surveys on leafhoppers in urban and agroecosystem areas in Europe the Oriental Hishimonus diffractus Dai, Fletcher & Zhang, 2013 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) has been found. This species, described from China and Thailand, is recorded here for the first time from Europe in the following countries: France, Portugal (Madeira), Spain, Gibraltar, United Kingdom, and Italy (Sicily). H. diffractus has been found associated with Jasminum and Olea (Oleaceae), Citrus (Rutaceae), Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae), Rubus (Rosaceae), Nerium (Apocynaceae) and Vitis (Vitaceae). Presence of the adults, morphological features, and some biological notes are provided to H. diffractus. Furthermore, Hishimonus hamatus Kuoh, 1976 is here reported for the first time in Spain and France. All Hishimonus species introduced in Europe are considered, and their economic importance discussed. Details on the first record and country in Europe, origin area, current distribution and host plants are given for each species.
- Taxonomy of the Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) from the Madeira archipelagoPublication . Freitas, Énio; Aguín-Pombo, DoraNinety percent of the Cixiidae of the Macaronesian archipelagos are endemic. Each archipelago has its own endemics reaching a total of 31 taxa. The Madeira archipelago comprises five species: Cixius madeirensis China, 1938, C. verticalis Noualhier, 1897, C. chaoensis China, 1938, Hyalesthes madeires Remane & Hoch, 1986 and H. portonoves Remane & Hoch, 1986. Good knowledge concerning taxonomy, habitat information and distribution are essential for the conservation of the biodiversity of this rich archipelago. However, due to intraspecific variation and incomplete descriptions, misidentifications of Madeira cixiids have been common. In this work, the taxonomy of this family is reviewed and ecological data based on material collected over more than forty years are presented. A new species, Cixius wollastoni sp. nov., is described. A new combination, Tachycixius chaoensis (China, 1938) comb. nov., is proposed, and a new record, Pentastiridius leporinus (Linnaeus, 1761), is reported. Lectotypes are designated for Tachycixius chaoensis and C. verticalis. The genital structures of the latter species are depicted for the first time. All species are diagnosed, described, photographed and illustrated, and an identification key for the family is provided. Thanks to this new information, Madeira together with Tenerife are the two Macaronesian islands with the highest number of endemic species of cixids.
- Case report: human dermatitis linked to Ornithonyssus bursa (Dermanyssoidea: Macronyssidae) infestation in PortugalPublication . Waap, Helga; Aguin-Pombo, Dora; Maia, Maria; Aguin-Pombo, DoraOrnithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888), also known as the tropical fowl mite, is a blood-feeding ectoparasite of domestic and wild birds. It is considered a serious pest to poultry in warm and tropical climates and has been reported to attack humans, causing gamasoidosis. Avian-mite dermatitis may be difficult to recognize and misdiagnosed as bites from other arthropods. The present report describes two cases of human dermatitis linked to O. bursa infestation. Both cases occurred in an apartment in a residential area in Oeiras, Portugal, where two members of the same family presented with pruritic erythematous skin eruptions disseminated over their body over a period of 4 months. The lesions were located mostly in the pelvic, gluteal, coccygeal, and perineal regions, and also on the neck, wrists and torso. On inspecting the mattresses and the covers of the bedrooms, three mites ~1 mm long by 0.5 mm wide were found. The three specimens were identified as O. bursa. Investigations tracing back the source of infestation, revealed that the mites were carried over from chickens raised 45 km away (Sesimbra, Setúbal) that, after being slaughtered for consumption, had been transported by car to the apartment in Oeiras. The chickens were farmed in an open backyard henhouse that allowed free access to several species of wild birds, including pigeons (Columba livia), turtle doves (Streptopelia decaocto), and sparrows (Passer domesticus). Recent reports suggest that O. bursa may be established in Mediterranean countries, increasing the risk of gamasoidosis. This is the first record linking O. bursa infestation of chickens with human dermatitis in continental Portugal. More research is needed to assess the extent of poultry infestation and evaluate the possible implications for the poultry industry, as well as for human health in Portugal.
- O projecto Interfruta II e os problemas fitossanitários que afectam as fruteiras na ilha Terceira, AçoresPublication . Lopes , D. J. H.; Cabrera, R.; Aguin-Pombo, D.; Aguin-Pombo, Dora; Borges, P.; Pimentel, R.; Zorman, M.; Macedo, N.; Carvalho., M. C. F.; Ornelas, L.; Martins, J. T.; Mumford, J. D.; Mexia, A. M. M.O Projecto Interfruta II é um projecto apoiado pelo programa Interreg III-B, desenvolvido nas Ilhas da Madeira, Tenerife (Canárias) e Terceira (Açores) destinado a contribuir para a promoção da fruticultura e viticultura nestas três regiões insulares, aplicando técnicas que contribuam decisivamente para o conhecimento e procura de soluções, numa vertente de prospecção das pragas-chave, fauna auxiliar, doenças e vírus que afectam essas culturas. Dentro dos problemas fitossanitários que afectam as culturas estudadas, através da identificação das pragas-chave de cada cultura foi utilizada a observação visual e a monitorização através de armadilhas com feromona sexual e placas cromotrópicas. Na prospecção da fauna auxiliar foi utilizada a técnica das pancadas e a armadilha Malaise. Após a identificação das pragas-chave, centrou-se a investigação sobre as mais importantes. Na mosca-do-Mediterrâneo (C. capitata Wied.), usando os SIG, foi montada uma rede de armadilhas em toda a ilha. Na bananeira, centrou-se a investigação no gorgulho-da-bananeira (Cosmopolitus sordidus Germar) e nas tripes. No castanheiro, o bichado-da-castanha (Cydia splendana Hubner) procedeu-se à sua monitorização utilizando armadilhas com feromona sexual e a quantificação dos prejuízos que causa nos frutos. Nas macieiras, os principais problemas decorrem da presença de aranhiço vermelho (Panonychus ulmi Koch), traça-oriental (Cydia molesta Busck), bichado (Cydia pomonella L.), afídeos e tripes. Os resultados obtidos permitiram construir uma base de dados fitossanitários de diagnóstico da Macaronésia (PROFITOMAC) que se encontra disponível on-line em www.interfruta.net Neste trabalho apenas se apresentam os resultados obtidos nos estudos realizados sobre as pragas e fauna auxiliar.