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Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness predict changes in body composition from childhood to adolescence: findings from the European Youth Heart Study
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Background: Several variables, such as waist circumference (WC) and trunk skinfolds (TS), are
indicators of body fat. There is interest in evaluating the effect of cardiorespiratory fi tness (CRF)
measures on changes in these markers from childhood to adolescence. Purpose: To examine
CRF as a potential predictor of changes in body fat over an 8-year follow-up period in a pedi atric population. Methods: A cohort study of 86 children (44 girls, 42 boys) with a mean age
of 9.8 ± 0.3 years who participated in the Portuguese arm of the European Youth Heart Study
in 2000 completed a follow-up evaluation in 2008 at a mean age of 17.0 ± 0.4 years. Cardio respiratory fi tness, expressed as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) (mL⋅kg−1
⋅min−1
),
was assessed during an incremental multistage bicycle test to exhaustion. Physical activity
(PA) was objectively measured by accelerometry at both periods of evaluation. Fat mass (FM)
was assessed using anthropometric models, sum of TS, and WC. Changes were expressed as
a percentage of the baseline value. Comparison of means and linear regression analysis were
used for data analysis. Results: While CRF signifi cantly increased among boys (P 0.05) and
decreased in girls (P 0.01), the percentage of body fat decreased over time in boys (P 0.01)
and increased among girls. Alone, CRF explained 39%, 26%, and 25% of the total variance in
WC, FM, and TS, respectively (P 0.01). Adjusting for PA, sex, and maturation changes, CRF
remained a signifi cant predictor of WC (β = −0.335; P 0.01), FM (β = −2.084; P 0.01),
and TS (β = −1.500; P 0.01). Conclusion: Changes in CRF are a signifi cant predictor of
changes in body fat percentage from childhood to adolescence. School-based PA interventions
are encouraged to maintain or improve CRF from childhood and throughout adolescence to
prevent increased percentages of body fat, particularly in the abdominal region.
Description
Keywords
Cardiorespiratory fitness Body fat Childhood Adolescence Europe . Faculdade de Ciências Sociais
Citation
Ornelas, R. T., Silva, A. M., Minderico, C. S., & Sardinha, L. B. (2011). Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness predict changes in body composition from childhood to adolescence: findings from the European Youth Heart Study. The Physician and sportsmedicine, 39(2), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.3810/psm.2011.05.1897
Publisher
Taylor and Francis