A carregar...
Publicação
O Município de Santa Cruz na Primeira República (1910-1926): administração e economia
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.28 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A Primeira República (1910–1926) foi um período da história portuguesa
contemporânea amplamente reconhecido pela historiografia por se caraterizar pela
instabilidade política, económica e social, bem como por antigas reivindicações dos
municípios por maior autonomia na gestão dos seus territórios. No entanto, pouco se sabe
sobre o funcionamento dos municípios nessa época.
A República gerou enormes expectativas ao prometer a regeneração do país e das
suas instituições. Contudo, as querelas políticas no seio do Partido Republicano da
Madeira, associadas à participação de Portugal na Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914–1918),
que provocou uma prolongada crise de subsistências, evidenciaram que o novo regime era
incapaz de resolver os problemas socioeconómicos do povo madeirense.
Esta investigação centra-se no Município de Santa Cruz, analisando a sua orgânica
e funcionamento durante a Primeira República. Pretende-se identificar o elenco do Poder
Local, traçar o perfil socioprofissional dos seus principais protagonistas, examinar as
relações de poder estabelecidas e esclarecer aspetos importantes da história política do
concelho.
A sociedade santa-cruzense da época era predominantemente rural, com a sua
economia centrada na agropecuária. A maioria da população era analfabeta e vivia em
condições de pobreza, facto que levava muitos a emigrar em busca de melhores
oportunidades. Tendo em conta a conjuntura política, económica e social da época,
analisou-se o modo de atuação do município face aos problemas que afetavam a população
do concelho, sobretudo nas áreas que exigiam maior consumo de recursos da autarquia:
instrução pública, higiene e saúde pública, assistência social, obras públicas de fomento,
bem como na regulação e fiscalização da vida económica local.
A descentralização administrativa, uma bandeira da propaganda republicana desde
os últimos tempos da monarquia, motivou a produção de legislação no sentido de conceder
mais autonomia aos municípios, mas os republicanos apenas conseguiram mitigar os
efeitos do centralismo. A descentralização de competências nunca veio acompanhada dos
recursos financeiros necessários e, por conseguinte, analisamos também a situação
financeira da autarquia, a fim de detetar eventuais constrangimentos financeiros que
possam ter obstado à implementação de medidas.
The First Republic (1910–1926) was a period in contemporary Portuguese history widely recognised by historians as being characterised by political, economic and social instability, as well as by long-standing demands from municipalities for greater autonomy in the management of their territories. However, little is known about how municipalities functioned at that time. The Republic generated enormous expectations by promising to regenerate the country and its institutions. However, political quarrels within the Republican Party of Madeira, combined with Portugal's participation in the First World War (1914–1918), which caused a prolonged subsistence crisis, showed that the new regime was incapable of solving the socio-economic problems of the Madeiran people. This research focuses on the municipality of Santa Cruz, analysing its structure and functioning during the First Republic. The aim is to identify the local government officials, outline the socio-professional profile of its main protagonists, examine the power relations established, and clarify important aspects of the municipality's political history. The society of Santa Cruz at that time was predominantly rural, with an economy centred on agriculture and livestock farming. Most of the population was illiterate and lived in poverty, which led many to emigrate in search of better opportunities. Taking into account the political, economic and social context of the time, we analysed how the municipality dealt with the problems affecting the population of the county, especially in areas that required greater consumption of local authority resources: public education, hygiene and public health, social assistance, public works, as well as the regulation and supervision of local economic life. Administrative decentralisation, a banner of republican propaganda since the final days of the monarchy, led to the creation of legislation granting more autonomy to municipalities, but the republicans only managed to mitigate the effects of centralism. The decentralisation of powers was never accompanied by the necessary financial resources and, consequently, we also analysed the financial situation of the local authority in order to detect any financial constraints that may have hindered the implementation of measures.
The First Republic (1910–1926) was a period in contemporary Portuguese history widely recognised by historians as being characterised by political, economic and social instability, as well as by long-standing demands from municipalities for greater autonomy in the management of their territories. However, little is known about how municipalities functioned at that time. The Republic generated enormous expectations by promising to regenerate the country and its institutions. However, political quarrels within the Republican Party of Madeira, combined with Portugal's participation in the First World War (1914–1918), which caused a prolonged subsistence crisis, showed that the new regime was incapable of solving the socio-economic problems of the Madeiran people. This research focuses on the municipality of Santa Cruz, analysing its structure and functioning during the First Republic. The aim is to identify the local government officials, outline the socio-professional profile of its main protagonists, examine the power relations established, and clarify important aspects of the municipality's political history. The society of Santa Cruz at that time was predominantly rural, with an economy centred on agriculture and livestock farming. Most of the population was illiterate and lived in poverty, which led many to emigrate in search of better opportunities. Taking into account the political, economic and social context of the time, we analysed how the municipality dealt with the problems affecting the population of the county, especially in areas that required greater consumption of local authority resources: public education, hygiene and public health, social assistance, public works, as well as the regulation and supervision of local economic life. Administrative decentralisation, a banner of republican propaganda since the final days of the monarchy, led to the creation of legislation granting more autonomy to municipalities, but the republicans only managed to mitigate the effects of centralism. The decentralisation of powers was never accompanied by the necessary financial resources and, consequently, we also analysed the financial situation of the local authority in order to detect any financial constraints that may have hindered the implementation of measures.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Primeira República Município de Santa Cruz Poder local Municipalismo Elite municipal Economia Sociedade Santa Cruz. Madeira (Portugal) First Republic Municipality of Santa Cruz Local power Municipalism Municipal elite Economy Society Estudos Regionais e Locais. . Faculdade de Artes e Humanidades