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Monitorização de microplásticos em água de consumo: estudo comparativo entre água engarrafada e canalizada na RAM
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Authors
Abstract(s)
Os microplásticos (MPs) são resíduos de plástico com um tamanho
inferior a 5 mm que, devido ao seu tamanho, são difíceis de remover da água,
do ar ou dos sedimentos. Devido a esta dificuldade, a poluição por MPs tornou se uma preocupação mundial tanto na área ambiental como na saúde pública,
uma vez que estes contaminantes têm sido reportados em alimentos e bebidas,
incluindo água destinada a consumo. Tanto em água engarrafada como em água
canalizada, estudos têm detetado diferentes polímeros, com morfologias,
tamanhos e cores distintas; no entanto, a sua concentração varia consoante a
origem da água, o tipo de embalagem e os métodos utilizados. Neste trabalho
foram analisadas 19 amostras de água, das quais sete eram engarrafadas
(quatro minerais naturais e três aromatizadas e/ou gaseificadas) e 12
canalizadas, recolhidas em quatro concelhos da Região Autónoma da Madeira
(RAM): Funchal, Machico, Porto Moniz e Porto Santo. Para caracterização e
identificação dos MPs foram utilizadas lupa estereoscópica e
microespectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (µ-FTIR),
respetivamente. As concentrações médias detetadas foram 1,19 ± 1,03 MPs/L
em água engarrafada e 1,30 ± 0,80 MPs/L em água canalizada, e os principais
polímeros identificados foram polietileno (PE), polietileno tereftalato (PET) e
poliéster, com a maioria das partículas com tamanho inferior a 400 µm. Os
valores da Ingestão Diária Estimada (EDI) variaram entre 0,038 – 0,040
MPs/Kg/dia para adultos e 0,135 – 0,146 MPs/Kg/dia para crianças.
Microplastics (MPs) are plastic debris smaller than 5 mm which, due to their size, are difficult to remove from water, air, or sediments. Because of this, MP pollution has become a global concern both in environmental and public health fields, since these contaminants have been reported in food and beverages, including drinking water. In both bottled and tap water, studies have detected different polymers with varying morphologies, sizes, and colours; however, their concentration depends on the water source, type of packaging, and analytical methods used. In this study, 19 water samples were analysed, of which seven were bottled (four natural mineral and three flavoured and/or carbonated) and 12 were tap water, collected from four municipalities of the Autonomous Region of Madeira (RAM): Funchal, Machico, Porto Moniz and Porto Santo. For MP characterization and identification, a stereoscopic microscope and micro Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (µ-FTIR) were used, respectively. The average concentrations detected were 1.19 ± 1.03 MPs/L in bottled water and 1.30 ± 0.80 MPs/L in tap water. The main polymers identified were polyethene (PE), polyethene terephthalate (PET), and polyester, with the majority of particles being smaller than 400 µm. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values ranged between 0.038 – 0.040 MPs/Kg/day for adults and 0.135 – 0.146 MPs/Kg/day for children.
Microplastics (MPs) are plastic debris smaller than 5 mm which, due to their size, are difficult to remove from water, air, or sediments. Because of this, MP pollution has become a global concern both in environmental and public health fields, since these contaminants have been reported in food and beverages, including drinking water. In both bottled and tap water, studies have detected different polymers with varying morphologies, sizes, and colours; however, their concentration depends on the water source, type of packaging, and analytical methods used. In this study, 19 water samples were analysed, of which seven were bottled (four natural mineral and three flavoured and/or carbonated) and 12 were tap water, collected from four municipalities of the Autonomous Region of Madeira (RAM): Funchal, Machico, Porto Moniz and Porto Santo. For MP characterization and identification, a stereoscopic microscope and micro Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (µ-FTIR) were used, respectively. The average concentrations detected were 1.19 ± 1.03 MPs/L in bottled water and 1.30 ± 0.80 MPs/L in tap water. The main polymers identified were polyethene (PE), polyethene terephthalate (PET), and polyester, with the majority of particles being smaller than 400 µm. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) values ranged between 0.038 – 0.040 MPs/Kg/day for adults and 0.135 – 0.146 MPs/Kg/day for children.
Description
Keywords
Microplásticos Água engarrafada Água canalizada µ-FTIR Lupa estereoscópica Microplastics Bottled water Tap water Stereomicroscope Madeira (Portugal) Bioquímica Aplicada . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia