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Utilização de resíduos orgânicos na reciclagem dos nutrientes e regeneração da produtividade dos solos
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Authors
Abstract(s)
A degradação do solo, resultante da atividade humana e das alterações climáticas, ameaça a
agricultura e o desenvolvimento sustentável, ao reduzir a capacidade de retenção de água e o teor de
matéria orgânica, comprometendo a fertilidade e funções essenciais do solo. Este estudo avaliou o
impacto da aplicação de composto orgânico e lamas desidratadas, na melhoria das propriedades físico químicas e biológicas do solo, ao aumentar a matéria orgânica e recuperar a qualidade do solo.
Durante o projeto foram realizados dois ensaios na área agrícola da Quinta de São Roque
Funchal, com a aplicação de 5 e 10 kg m² de composto em parcelas cultivadas com milho (Zea mays
L.). Amostras de solo foram coletadas em diferentes estágios do ciclo produtivo do milho. Em paralelo,
foi realizado um ensaio com a aplicação de composto e lamas desidratadas, numa área do Parque Natural
da Madeira, em áreas afetadas por incêndios, tendo-se procedido à sua monitorização ao longo de um
ano.
As análises do solo incluíram parâmetros como pH, condutividade elétrica (CE), matéria
orgânica (MO), azoto (N), carbono orgânico (Corg), capacidade de retenção de água (WHC),
macronutrientes (K e P), contagem de microrganismos, atividade microbiológica e determinação da
atividade enzimática de L-glutaminase e N-acetil-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) no solo.
Adicionalmente, foram obtidos dados de biomassa e produtividade do milho, assim como o índice de
vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI).
Os resultados indicam que a aplicação de 10 kg m-2 de composto teve um impacto significativo
no solo em todos os ensaios realizados, com efeito nas caraterísticas físico-químicas do solo de pH, MO,
Corg e macronutrientes, nas contagens de microrganismos, na atividade microbiológica de respiração
basal e quociente metabólico e na atividade enzimática de L-glutaminase. Os tratamentos com 5 kg m-2
e lamas também tiveram efeitos notáveis nas propriedades do solo. Sequentemente foram evidentes os
aumentos da biomassa e produtividade do milho (apesar de não ser significativo) e aumentos de NDVI.
Estes resultados reforçam a importância da aplicação estratégica dos produtos orgânicos como
práticas promissoras para a recuperação e melhoria das propriedades e produtividade do solo,
promovendo a sustentabilidade agrícola e a resiliência dos ecossistemas degradados.
Soil degradation, resulting from human activities and climate change, threatens agriculture and sustainable development by reducing water retention capacity and organic matter content, compromising soil fertility and essential functions. This study evaluated the impact of organic products application, such as organic compost and dehydrated sludge, on improving the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil, aiming to increase organic matter and restore soil quality. Two trials were conducted in agricultural soils of Quinta de São Roque, Funchal, applying 5 and 10 kg m-2 of compost in maize (Zea mays) plots. Soil samples were collected at different stages, during the maize growth cycle. Additionally, a year-long monitoring trial was conducted in the Madeira Natural Park, in areas affected by wildfires, applying compost and dehydrated sludge. Soil analyses included parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), organic carbon (OrgC), water holding capacity (WHC), and macronutrients (K and P), along with microorganism assessment, soil microbiological activity, and enzymatic activity of L-glutaminase and N-acetyl-β-D glucosaminidase (NAGase). Additionally, biomass and productivity data, as well as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were obtained. The results indicate that the application of 10 kg m-2 of compost significantly impacted soil properties in all trials, affecting physicochemical characteristics such as pH, OM, OrgC, and macronutrients, microbial counts, basal respiration, metabolic quotient of microbiological activity, and enzymatic activity of L-glutaminase. Treatments with 5 kg m-2 and sludge also had notable effects on soil properties. Increases in maize biomass and productivity were evident, though not statistically significant, along with increases in NDVI. These findings underscore the importance of strategic application of organic amendments as promising practices for soil recovery and improvement, promoting agricultural sustainability and ecosystem resilience.
Soil degradation, resulting from human activities and climate change, threatens agriculture and sustainable development by reducing water retention capacity and organic matter content, compromising soil fertility and essential functions. This study evaluated the impact of organic products application, such as organic compost and dehydrated sludge, on improving the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil, aiming to increase organic matter and restore soil quality. Two trials were conducted in agricultural soils of Quinta de São Roque, Funchal, applying 5 and 10 kg m-2 of compost in maize (Zea mays) plots. Soil samples were collected at different stages, during the maize growth cycle. Additionally, a year-long monitoring trial was conducted in the Madeira Natural Park, in areas affected by wildfires, applying compost and dehydrated sludge. Soil analyses included parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), organic carbon (OrgC), water holding capacity (WHC), and macronutrients (K and P), along with microorganism assessment, soil microbiological activity, and enzymatic activity of L-glutaminase and N-acetyl-β-D glucosaminidase (NAGase). Additionally, biomass and productivity data, as well as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were obtained. The results indicate that the application of 10 kg m-2 of compost significantly impacted soil properties in all trials, affecting physicochemical characteristics such as pH, OM, OrgC, and macronutrients, microbial counts, basal respiration, metabolic quotient of microbiological activity, and enzymatic activity of L-glutaminase. Treatments with 5 kg m-2 and sludge also had notable effects on soil properties. Increases in maize biomass and productivity were evident, though not statistically significant, along with increases in NDVI. These findings underscore the importance of strategic application of organic amendments as promising practices for soil recovery and improvement, promoting agricultural sustainability and ecosystem resilience.
Description
Keywords
Solos degradados Composto orgânico Lamas Propriedades físico-químicas Microbiologia Atividade enzimática Degraded soils Organic compost Sludge Physicochemical properties Microbiology Enzymatic activity Bioquímica Aplicada . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia