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An improved analytical approach based on ยต-QuEChERS combined with LC-ESI/MS for monitoring the occurrence and levels of Patulin in commercial apple juices

2023-02-23Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiรชncias Agrรกrias::Biotecnologia Agrรกria e Alimentar
datacite.subject.fosCiรชncias Naturais::Ciรชncias Quรญmicas
datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Quรญmica
dc.contributor.authorCรขmara, Josรฉ S.
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Paulo
dc.contributor.authorBarros, Nelson
dc.contributor.authorPerestrelo, Rosa
dc.contributor.authorCรขmara, Josรฉ
dc.contributor.authorPerestrelo, Rosa
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-29T13:20:00Z
dc.date.available2025-07-29T13:20:00Z
dc.date.issued2023-02-23
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin produced in fruits, especially in apples, by diverse fungal species that can be transferred into industrial apple juice during processing. An accurate, effective, and selective method has been validated for the quantification of PAT in different commercial apple juices by combining a modified ยต-QuEChERS procedure with high-pressure liquid chromatography (LC) equipped with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQMS). This sample extraction procedure reduced interference from the sugar-rich matrix, and the separation was performed using the C18 Atlantis T3 column within 10 min. PAT was found by MS with electrospray negative ionization (ESIโˆ’) in the mode of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.999) satisfied the prerequisite of linearity for PAT in the concentration range of 2โ€“50 ฮผg/kg. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of PAT were 0.32 and 1.15 ฮผg/kg, respectively, which were compliant with the maximum levels settled in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881/2006. The recoveries were within the 92โ€“103% range, at three fortified levels of 2, 20 and 50 ฮผg/kg, with relative standard deviations lower than 7%. Based on analytical validation, it was confirmed that the ยต-QuEChERS/HPLC-MS/MS method is an enhanced, reliable, and quick approach for determination of PAT in apple juice. The current approach proposes reduced sample preparation and analysis time. In addition, it is economical, environmentally friendly, and simpler to implement in comparison to traditional approaches.</jats:p>eng
dc.identifier.citationCรขmara, J.S.; Fernandes, P.; Barros, N.; Perestrelo, R. An Improved Analytical Approach Based on ยต-QuEChERS Combined with LC-ESI/MS for Monitoring the Occurrence and Levels of Patulin in Commercial Apple Juices. Separations 2023, 10, 149. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/separations10030149
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/separations10030149
dc.identifier.issn2297-8739
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/7340
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationMadeira Chemistry Research Centre
dc.relationMadeira Chemistry Research Centre
dc.relation.ispartofSeparations
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectMycotoxin
dc.subjectPatulin
dc.subjectApple juice
dc.subjectยต-QuEChERS
dc.subjectLC-MS/MS
dc.subject.
dc.subjectCentro de Quรญmica da Madeira
dc.subjectFaculdade de Ciรชncias Exatas e da Engenharia
dc.titleAn improved analytical approach based on ยต-QuEChERS combined with LC-ESI/MS for monitoring the occurrence and levels of Patulin in commercial apple juiceseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMadeira Chemistry Research Centre
oaire.awardTitleMadeira Chemistry Research Centre
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00674%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F00674%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.issue3
oaire.citation.titleSeparations
oaire.citation.volume10
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCรขmara
person.familyNamePerestrelo
person.givenNameJosรฉ
person.givenNameRosa
person.identifierG-3003-2013
person.identifier1441319
person.identifier.ciencia-id481C-08CE-90E5
person.identifier.ciencia-id251A-D5F7-9E32
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1965-3151
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7223-1022
person.identifier.ridI-2307-2014
person.identifier.scopus-author-id10140393000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id16686828800
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundaรงรฃo para a Ciรชncia e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundaรงรฃo para a Ciรชncia e a Tecnologia
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication003ff241-47d2-497b-b9ac-c0d1713f8bf3
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye10d78be-e547-4d25-92b5-06a997ed78da
relation.isProjectOfPublicatione30e13d9-be9a-4f34-91ea-a1682abce74e
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