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Recolha de dados meteorológicos utilizando LoRa
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| 5.55 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Atualmente, é cada vez mais importante a recolha de dados meteorológicos,
para fins de estudo das alterações climáticas e evolução do clima para efeitos de
agricultura, aviação, entre outros.
Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma pequena estação meteorológica com a
finalidade de recolher vários parâmetros como temperatura, humidade,
precipitação, pressão atmosférica, velocidade e direção do vento de zonas remotas.
A tecnologia utilizada foi o LoRa, uma vez que permite um alcance de vários
quilómetros. Os dados eram transmitidos para uma gateway LoRa, havendo a
necessidade de estudar o efeito do meio de propagação na potência recebida. Para
efetuar a comunicação dos dados, esta tecnologia tem por base várias peças chave:
baixo consumo energético; baixa taxa de transmissão; elevada sensibilidade do
recetor; comunicação a longas distâncias.
De modo a averiguar a tecnologia LoRa, foi desenvolvido um sistema de
medição capaz de aferir os parâmetros de qualidade da uma ligação ponto a ponto.
Este sistema serviu para realizar vários ensaios de propagação de modo a avaliar o
comportamento da atenuação do sinal em vários tipos de ambientes de propagação
tais como: linha de vista; obstrução por colina; vegetação; regiões montanhosas. Os
resultados destes ensaios foram avaliados para tratamento estatístico e comparação
com os modelos teóricos e empíricos.
Por fim, foi testado o funcionamento da estação meteorológica na recolha dos
dados e realizada uma comparação com sistemas de referência de duas estações
meteorológicas mais próximas, pertencentes ao Instituto Português do Mar e da
Atmosfera.
Currently, it is increasingly important to collect meteorological data, in order to study climate change and climate evolution for the purposes of agriculture, aviation, among others. In this work, a small meteorological station was developed so that it would be possible to collect various parameters such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction in remote areas. The technology used was LoRa, as it allows a range of several kilometers. The data was transmitted to a LoRa gateway, with the need to study the effect of the propagation medium on the received power. To carry out data communication, this technology is based on several key elements: low energy consumption; low transmission rate; high sensitivity of the receiver; communication over long distances. To verify the LoRa technology, a measurement system capable of measuring the quality parameters of a point-to-point connection was developed. This system served to carry out several propagation tests to evaluate the signal attenuation behavior in several types of propagation environments such as: line of sight; hill obstruction; vegetation; mountainous regions. The results of these tests were evaluated for statistical treatment and comparison with theoretical and empirical models. Finally, the operation of the meteorological station was tested in data collection and a comparison was made with the reference systems of two nearest meteorological stations, belonging to the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera.
Currently, it is increasingly important to collect meteorological data, in order to study climate change and climate evolution for the purposes of agriculture, aviation, among others. In this work, a small meteorological station was developed so that it would be possible to collect various parameters such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction in remote areas. The technology used was LoRa, as it allows a range of several kilometers. The data was transmitted to a LoRa gateway, with the need to study the effect of the propagation medium on the received power. To carry out data communication, this technology is based on several key elements: low energy consumption; low transmission rate; high sensitivity of the receiver; communication over long distances. To verify the LoRa technology, a measurement system capable of measuring the quality parameters of a point-to-point connection was developed. This system served to carry out several propagation tests to evaluate the signal attenuation behavior in several types of propagation environments such as: line of sight; hill obstruction; vegetation; mountainous regions. The results of these tests were evaluated for statistical treatment and comparison with theoretical and empirical models. Finally, the operation of the meteorological station was tested in data collection and a comparison was made with the reference systems of two nearest meteorological stations, belonging to the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera.
Description
Keywords
Estação meteorológica Gateway LoRa Ensaios de propagação Modelos teóricos e empíricos Weather station LoRa technology Propagation tests Theoretical and empirical models Engenharia Eletrotécnica – Telecomunicações . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia