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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: As doenças complexas como a
doença das artérias coronárias (DAC), a
hipertensão e a diabetes, são usualmente
causadas pela susceptibilidade individual a
múltiplos genes, factores ambientais e pela
interacção entre eles. As enzimas da
paraoxonase humana (PON), particularmente a
PON1, têm sido implicadas na patogenia da
aterosclerose e da DAC. Dois polimorfismos
comuns na região codificante do gene, com
substituição Glutamina (Q) /Arginina (R) na
posição 192 e Leucina /Metionina na posição
55 influenciam a actividade da PON1. Vários
estudos têm investigado a associação entre os
polimorfismos da PON1 e a DAC, com
resultados contraditórios.
Objectivo: 1- Avaliar a associação dos
polimorfismos da PON1 com o risco de DAC.
2-Estudar a interacção destes polimorfismos
com outros situados em genes candidatos
diferentes, na susceptibilidade para o
aparecimento da DAC.
Material e Métodos: Estudámos em 298
doentes coronários e 298 controlos saudáveis,
através de um estudo caso/controlo, o risco de
DAC associado aos polimorfismos da PON1,
192Q/R e 55L/M. Numa segunda fase
avaliámos o risco das interacções polimórficas
PON1 192 RR + MTHFR 1298 AA; PON1
192 R/R + ECA DD; PON1 192 R/R + ECA 8
GG. Finalmente construímos um modelo de
regressão logística (no qual entraram todas as
variáveis genéticas, ambientais e bioquímicas,
que tinham mostrado significância estatística
na análise univariada), para determinar quais
as que se relacionavam de forma significativa e
independente com DAC.
Resultados: Verificámos que o genótipo PON155 MM tinha uma distribuição superior na
população doente mas não atingia significância
estatística como factor de risco para DAC. O
PON1 199 RR apresentou um risco relativo
80% superior relativamente à população que o
não possuía (p=0,04). A interacção da PON1
192 RR e da MTHFR 1298 AA, polimorfismos
sedeados em genes diferentes, apresentou um
risco relativo de DAC de 2,76
(OR=2,76;IC=1,20- 6,47; P=0,009), bastante
superior ao risco de cada polimorfismo isolado,
assim como a associação da PON1 RR + ECA
DD (com polimorfismos também sedeados em
genes diferentes), que apresentou um risco
337% superior relativamente aos que não
possuíam esta associação (OR=4,37;IC=1,47-
13,87; P=0,002). Da mesma forma a associação
entre a PON1 RR e ECA 8 GG, revelou um
risco ainda mais elevado (OR=6;23; IC=1,67-
27,37; P<0,001). Após modelo de Regressão
Logística as variáveis que ficaram na equação
representando factores de risco significativos e
independentes para DAC, foram os hábitos
tabágicos, doença familiar, diabetes,
fibrinogénio, Lp (a) e a associação PON1 192
RR + ECA 8 GG. Esta última associação
apresentou, na regressão logística, um
OR=14,113; p=0,018
Conclusões: O genótipo PON1 192 RR
apresentou, se avaliado isoladamente, um risco
relativo de DAC 80% superior relativamente à
população que não possuía este genótipo. A
associação deste polimorfismo com outros
polimorfismos sedeados em genes diferentes,
codificando para diferentes enzimas e
pertencendo a sistemas fisiopatológicos
distintos (MTHFR1298 AA, ECA DD e ECA 8
GG), aumentou sempre o risco de eclosão da
DAC. Após correcção para os outros factores
de risco clássicos e bioquímicos, a associação
PON1 192 RR + ECA 8 GG, continuou a ser
um factor de risco significativo e independente
para CAD.
Background: Complex diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension and diabetes are usually caused by individual susceptibility to multiple genes, environmental factors, and the interaction between them. The paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and CAD. Two common polymorphisms in the coding region of the PON1 gene, which lead to a glutamine (Q)/arginine (R) substitution at position 192 and a leucine (L)/methionine (M) substitution at position 55, influence PON1 activity. Studies have investigated the association between these polymorphisms and CAD, but with conflicting results. Aims: 1) To evaluate the association between PON1 polymorphisms and CAD risk; and 2) to study the interaction between PON1 polymorphisms and others in different candidate genes. Methods: We evaluated the risk of CAD associated with PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms in 298 CAD patients and 298 healthy individuals. We then evaluated the risk associated with the interaction of the PON1 polymorphisms with ACE DD, ACE 8 GG and MTHFR 1298AA. Finally, using a logistic regression model, we evaluated which variables (genetic, biochemical and environmental) were linked significantly and independently with CAD. Results: We found that the PON1 55MM genotype was more common in the CAD population, but this did not reach statistical significance as a risk factor for CAD, while PON1 192RR presented an 80% higher relative risk compared to the population without this polymorphism. The interaction between PON1 192RR and MTHFR 1298AA, sited in different genes, increased the risk for CAD, compared with the polymorphisms in isolation (OR=2.76; 95% CI=1.20-6.47; p=0.009), as did the association of PON1 192RR with ACE DD, which presented a 337% higher risk compared to the population without this polymorphic association (OR=4.37; 95% CI=1.47-13.87; p=0.002). Similarly, the association between PON1 192RR and ACE 8 GG was linked to an even higher risk (OR=6.23; 95% CI=1.67-27.37; p<0.001). After logistic regression, smoking, family history, fibrinogen, diabetes, Lp(a) and the association of PON1 192RR + ACE 8 GG remained in the regression model and proved to be significant and independent risk factors for CAD. In the regression model the latter association had OR=14.113; p=0.018. Conclusion: When analyzed separately, the PON1 192RR genotype presented a relative risk for CAD 80% higher than in the population without this genotype. Its association with other genetic polymorphisms sited in different genes, coding for different enzymes and belonging to different physiological systems, always increased the risk for CAD. After correction for other conventional and biochemical risk factors, the PON1 192RR + ACE 8 GG association remained a significant and independent risk factor for CAD.
Background: Complex diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension and diabetes are usually caused by individual susceptibility to multiple genes, environmental factors, and the interaction between them. The paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and CAD. Two common polymorphisms in the coding region of the PON1 gene, which lead to a glutamine (Q)/arginine (R) substitution at position 192 and a leucine (L)/methionine (M) substitution at position 55, influence PON1 activity. Studies have investigated the association between these polymorphisms and CAD, but with conflicting results. Aims: 1) To evaluate the association between PON1 polymorphisms and CAD risk; and 2) to study the interaction between PON1 polymorphisms and others in different candidate genes. Methods: We evaluated the risk of CAD associated with PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms in 298 CAD patients and 298 healthy individuals. We then evaluated the risk associated with the interaction of the PON1 polymorphisms with ACE DD, ACE 8 GG and MTHFR 1298AA. Finally, using a logistic regression model, we evaluated which variables (genetic, biochemical and environmental) were linked significantly and independently with CAD. Results: We found that the PON1 55MM genotype was more common in the CAD population, but this did not reach statistical significance as a risk factor for CAD, while PON1 192RR presented an 80% higher relative risk compared to the population without this polymorphism. The interaction between PON1 192RR and MTHFR 1298AA, sited in different genes, increased the risk for CAD, compared with the polymorphisms in isolation (OR=2.76; 95% CI=1.20-6.47; p=0.009), as did the association of PON1 192RR with ACE DD, which presented a 337% higher risk compared to the population without this polymorphic association (OR=4.37; 95% CI=1.47-13.87; p=0.002). Similarly, the association between PON1 192RR and ACE 8 GG was linked to an even higher risk (OR=6.23; 95% CI=1.67-27.37; p<0.001). After logistic regression, smoking, family history, fibrinogen, diabetes, Lp(a) and the association of PON1 192RR + ACE 8 GG remained in the regression model and proved to be significant and independent risk factors for CAD. In the regression model the latter association had OR=14.113; p=0.018. Conclusion: When analyzed separately, the PON1 192RR genotype presented a relative risk for CAD 80% higher than in the population without this genotype. Its association with other genetic polymorphisms sited in different genes, coding for different enzymes and belonging to different physiological systems, always increased the risk for CAD. After correction for other conventional and biochemical risk factors, the PON1 192RR + ACE 8 GG association remained a significant and independent risk factor for CAD.
Description
Keywords
Paraoxonase 1 Polimorfismos Interacção Doença coronária Paraoxonase 1 Polymorphisms Interaction Coronary disease . Faculdade de Ciências da Vida
Citation
Mendonça, M. I., Reis, R. P., Freitas, A. I., Sousa, A. C., Pereira, A., Faria, P., ... & Cardoso, A. A. (2008). Polimorfismos do gene da Paraoxonase humana e risco de doença coronária. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiología, 27(12), 1539-1555.