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The impact of schoolbags on postural health in school-aged children: an updated systematic review

2026-02-09Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
dc.contributor.authorAshraf, Sadaf
dc.contributor.authorBento, César
dc.contributor.authorSabino, Bebiana
dc.contributor.authorAntunes, Hélio
dc.contributor.authorFrança, Cíntia
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Helder
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Ana
dc.contributor.authorBento, César
dc.contributor.authorAntunes, Hélio
dc.contributor.authorFrança, Cíntia
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Helder
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Ana
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-13T09:35:15Z
dc.date.available2026-04-13T09:35:15Z
dc.date.issued2026-02-09
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>Schoolbags represent a common source of physical strain for school-aged children and may influence posture during critical years of growth. This systematic review synthesizes evidence published since the previous review (1995–2014), which mainly focused on load thresholds and did not consider postural health as a multidimensional outcome. The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251080328). PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched up to 11 June 2024. Of 1013 screened articles, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Schoolbag weight was the most frequently investigated factor, followed by postural and spinal alterations, particularly scoliosis. Excessive loads were consistently associated with trunk inclination, postural asymmetry, lumbar strain, and musculoskeletal discomfort. Several studies reported demographic differences, with girls showing greater susceptibility to postural deviations and boys carrying heavier loads. Compared with earlier evidence, more recent studies employed improved postural assessment methods and broader outcome frameworks incorporating ergonomic and behavioral factors. Despite methodological heterogeneity, findings support limiting schoolbag weight to 10–15% of body weight. This review highlights the importance of integrating ergonomic design, carrying behaviors, and demographic modifiers into school health guidelines and provides practical recommendations for clinicians, educators, and policymakers.</jats:p>eng
dc.identifier.citationAshraf, S., Bento, C., Sabino, B., Antunes, H., França, C., Lopes, H., & Rodrigues, A. (2026). The Impact of Schoolbags on Postural Health in School-Aged Children: An Updated Systematic Review. Future, 4(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/future4010007
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/future4010007
dc.identifier.issn2813-2882
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/7701
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationUID/04045/2020
dc.relation.ispartofFuture
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectSchoolbag parameters
dc.subjectPostural changes
dc.subjectScoliosis
dc.subjectMusculoskeletal health
dc.subject.
dc.subjectEscola Superior de Tecnologias e Gestão
dc.subjectFaculdade de Ciências Sociais
dc.titleThe impact of schoolbags on postural health in school-aged children: an updated systematic revieweng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.titleFuture
oaire.citation.volume4
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameBento
person.familyNameAntunes
person.familyNameFrança
person.familyNameLopes
person.familyNameRodrigues
person.givenNameCésar
person.givenNameHélio
person.givenNameCíntia
person.givenNameHelder
person.givenNameAna
person.identifier1360379
person.identifier.orcid0009-0009-3352-1156
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2706-1749
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8364-6832
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1388-9473
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1675-984X
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication76520f0b-1d4b-4ec4-9361-edc4f71e07df
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryd62cf71d-139c-441a-97cb-a748e684d6ef

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