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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

2023Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorNCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
dc.contributor.authorOrnelas, Rui
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-23T09:37:47Z
dc.date.available2024-05-23T09:37:47Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6 . Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationNCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development. Nature 615, 874–883 (2023).pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41586-023-05772-8pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/5699
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherNature Researchpt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectDeveloping worldpt_PT
dc.subjectNutritionpt_PT
dc.subjectPaediatric researchpt_PT
dc.subjectPublic healthpt_PT
dc.subject.pt_PT
dc.subjectFaculdade de Ciências Sociaispt_PT
dc.titleDiminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and developmentpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage883pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage874pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleNaturept_PT
oaire.citation.volume615pt_PT
person.familyNameOrnelas
person.givenNameRui
person.identifier.ciencia-idA71A-D19E-55F4
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3737-7402
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24335790700
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication05370ce4-254d-4ca7-a937-9036407655c2
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery05370ce4-254d-4ca7-a937-9036407655c2

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