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Publication
Comparação de técnicas de levantamento geométrico do património existente
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.87 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A reabilitação de edificações e estruturas antigas tem vindo a aumentar, mas muitas vezes a
informação disponível sobre as mesmas é escassa. A informação de construção inclui tanto elementos
geométricos como não geométricos. A integração de tecnologias pode facilitar o processo de obtenção
de informação, em especial nos elementos geométricos.
Esta dissertação explora as técnicas de levantamento geométrico que utilizam métodos não
invasivos para recolher dados detalhados das edificações, estruturas da envolvente. Estas técnicas
permitem gerar modelos digitais 3D a partir de nuvens de pontos que representam superfícies e podem
incluir propriedades como cores e texturas.
O objetivo principal da dissertação foi analisar as técnicas de levantamento geométrico
existentes e avaliar sua precisão através de aplicações práticas. A metodologia combinou a pesquisa
teórica com uma parte prática, utilizando diferentes equipamentos e técnicas em diversos casos de
estudo. A dissertação está organizada em seis capítulos que abordam desde o enquadramento teórico
até à análise dos resultados experimentais.
Foram abordadas e classificadas as técnicas de levantamento e as diversas tecnologias
existentes no momento, sendo comparadas cada uma das técnicas demostrando tanto os benefícios
como as suas limitações. Posteriormente, através de uma abordagem prática em diversos casos de
estudo, são analisados os resultados qualitativos e quantitativos obtidos e comparados com os de
outros autores.
Demonstrou-se a aplicabilidade de cada uma das técnicas de levantamento geométrico no
entanto, para a escolha da técnica mais adequada para se obter um modelo preciso e com qualidade,
é necessário considerar as características construtivas e as necessidades do levantamento a executar.
O Varrimento a Laser mostrou uma melhor precisão e consistência de resultados. O
Levantamento Fotogramétrico tem uma grande dependência das condições do local mostrando uma
variação de precisão não desprezável, no entanto é a técnica que apresenta a melhor relação custo benefício. Estas duas técnicas são as que conseguem por si só obter um levantamento completo de
todas as superfícies dos elementos que integram o espaço, ao contrário do Levantamento Tradicional
e o Levantamento por Satélite que apenas podem ser usados como ferramentas de apoio.
The rehabilitation of old buildings and structures has been increasing, but the information available about them is often scarce. Construction information includes both geometric and non geometric elements. The integration of technologies can facilitate the process of obtaining information, especially regarding geometric elements. This dissertation focuses on geometric surveying techniques that use non-invasive methods to collect detailed data on buildings, structures, and their surroundings. These techniques enable the generation of 3D digital models from point clouds that represent surfaces and may include properties such as colors and textures. The main objective of the dissertation was to analyze existing geometric surveying techniques and evaluate their accuracy through practical applications. The methodology combines theoretical research with a practical component, using different equipment and techniques in various case studies. The dissertation is organized into six chapters, covering topics from the theoretical framework to the analysis of experimental results. The surveying techniques and the various technologies currently available are addressed and classified, comparing each technique to highlight both their benefits and limitations. Subsequently, through a practical approach in various case studies, the qualitative and quantitative results obtained are analyzed and compared with those of other authors. The applicability of each geometric surveying technique was demonstrated. However, selecting the most appropriate technique to obtain a precise and high-quality model requires considering the construction characteristics and the specific needs of the survey to be conducted. Laser scanning showed better accuracy and consistency in results. Photogrammetric surveying heavily depends on site conditions, displaying a non-negligible variation in accuracy; however, it offers the best cost-benefit ratio. These two techniques are the only ones capable of independently providing a complete survey of all the surfaces of the elements within the space. In contrast, traditional surveying and satellite surveying can only be used as supporting tools.
The rehabilitation of old buildings and structures has been increasing, but the information available about them is often scarce. Construction information includes both geometric and non geometric elements. The integration of technologies can facilitate the process of obtaining information, especially regarding geometric elements. This dissertation focuses on geometric surveying techniques that use non-invasive methods to collect detailed data on buildings, structures, and their surroundings. These techniques enable the generation of 3D digital models from point clouds that represent surfaces and may include properties such as colors and textures. The main objective of the dissertation was to analyze existing geometric surveying techniques and evaluate their accuracy through practical applications. The methodology combines theoretical research with a practical component, using different equipment and techniques in various case studies. The dissertation is organized into six chapters, covering topics from the theoretical framework to the analysis of experimental results. The surveying techniques and the various technologies currently available are addressed and classified, comparing each technique to highlight both their benefits and limitations. Subsequently, through a practical approach in various case studies, the qualitative and quantitative results obtained are analyzed and compared with those of other authors. The applicability of each geometric surveying technique was demonstrated. However, selecting the most appropriate technique to obtain a precise and high-quality model requires considering the construction characteristics and the specific needs of the survey to be conducted. Laser scanning showed better accuracy and consistency in results. Photogrammetric surveying heavily depends on site conditions, displaying a non-negligible variation in accuracy; however, it offers the best cost-benefit ratio. These two techniques are the only ones capable of independently providing a complete survey of all the surfaces of the elements within the space. In contrast, traditional surveying and satellite surveying can only be used as supporting tools.
Description
Keywords
Digitalização Fotogrametria Levantamento geométrico Património existente Varrimento laser Digitization Existing heritage Laser scanner Photogrammetry Surveying Engenharia Civil . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia