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Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

2020Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorNCD Risk Factor Collaboration
dc.contributor.authorOrnelas, Rui
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-17T11:37:32Z
dc.date.available2021-11-17T11:37:32Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractBackground Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m². In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationRodriguez-Martinez, A., Zhou, B., Sophiea, M. K., Bentham, J., Paciorek, C. J., Iurilli, M. L., ... & Boggia, J. G. (2020). Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants. The Lancet, 396(10261), 1511-1524. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/3826
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relationScience and Technology in childhood Obesity Policy
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectHeight index trajectoriespt_PT
dc.subjectBody-mass index trajectoriespt_PT
dc.subjectSchool-aged childrenspt_PT
dc.subjectSchool-aged adolescentspt_PT
dc.subject.pt_PT
dc.subjectFaculdade de Ciências Sociaispt_PT
dc.titleHeight and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participantspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleScience and Technology in childhood Obesity Policy
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/774548/EU
oaire.citation.endPage1524pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1511pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleThe Lancetpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume396pt_PT
oaire.fundingStreamH2020
person.familyNameOrnelas
person.givenNameRui
person.identifier.ciencia-idA71A-D19E-55F4
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3737-7402
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24335790700
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530
project.funder.nameEuropean Commission
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication05370ce4-254d-4ca7-a937-9036407655c2
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery05370ce4-254d-4ca7-a937-9036407655c2
relation.isProjectOfPublicatione629365a-c820-4673-9916-c6a29dff70db
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye629365a-c820-4673-9916-c6a29dff70db

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