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Evolution of attack in handball when playing 7 vs. 6 with empty goal between 2020 and 2023: coaches’ perception vs. observational results

2024-03-14Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Sociais::Ciências da Educação
datacite.subject.fosCiências Sociais::Outras Ciências Sociais
dc.contributor.authorPrudente, João Nunes
dc.contributor.authorCardoso, Américo Ramos
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Ana José
dc.contributor.authorMendes, João N.
dc.contributor.authorFernando, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Hélder
dc.contributor.authorTrejo-Silva, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorSousa, Duarte Filipe
dc.contributor.authorPrudente, João Filipe
dc.contributor.authorRamos Cardoso, Américo
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Ana
dc.contributor.authorNoite Mendes, Joao Manuel
dc.contributor.authorFernando, Catarina
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Helder
dc.contributor.authorSousa, Duarte
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-19T10:23:17Z
dc.date.available2025-12-19T10:23:17Z
dc.date.issued2024-03-14
dc.description.abstractRecently, several studies on the 7 vs. 6 “empty goal” (EG) in handball have produced different and even contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavior of teams and players in the 7 vs. 6 EG attack in the European (Euro) and World Championships (WCh) between 2020 and 2023 and characterize the coaches’ perceptions.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>A mixed-methods approach was used, consisting of the following: (i) an observational methodology and instrument developed and validated to collect observational data on player and team behavior; and (ii) a developed and validated questionnaire to coaches on their perceptions of the 7 vs. 6 game. Observational data were collected during the Euro 2020 and 2022 games (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 62) and the WCh 2021 and 2023 games (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 70). A total of 132 games and 391 situations of 7 vs. 6 attacking sequences were observed. In total, 156 coaches participated (146 men), with a mean age 42.33 ± 11.87 years, 19 nationalities, and with 12.77 ± 9.45 years of experience.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion</jats:title><jats:p>The choice of 7 vs. 6 offensive play was mostly made in the second half (&amp;gt;73%). The effectiveness of 7 vs. 6 offensive sequences was higher in the top six teams than in the team's ranked 7th to 12th (Euro 2020 51.6%–50.0%; WCh 2021 52.0%–50.0%; Euro 2022 53.1%–41.7%; WCh 2023 50.0%–43.8%). Some patterns of association were found (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05 and with values &amp;gt;±1.96): (i) scoring a goal with a breakthrough shot was significantly associated with the effectiveness of the 7 vs. 6 attack (Euro 2020 2.61; WCh 2021 2.87; Euro 2022 2.68; WCh 2023 2.32); (ii) teams in the top six significantly used 7 vs. 6 when they were winning (Euro 2020 2.17; WCh 2021 3.52; Euro 2022 5.88; WCh 2023 2.54); and (iii) teams in the bottom six used it when they were losing by at least four goals (Euro 2020 7.56; Euro 2022 6.64; WCh 2023 4.37) or when they were winning by four goals or more (WCh 2021 2.58). Coaches that agree with the possibility of playing 7 vs. 6 (74.4%), rarely or never do so (55.6%) because it brings little or no advantage (52.6%). The results of the analysis confirmed the perception of the coaches, the low use of 7 vs. 6, the low advantage associated with it, and the influence of the result and the moment of the game on its use.</jats:p></jats:sec>eng
dc.identifier.citationPrudente JN, Cardoso AR, Rodrigues AJ, Mendes JN, Fernando C, Lopes H, Trejo-Silva A and Sousa DF (2024) Evolution of attack in handball when playing 7 vs. 6 with empty goal between 2020 and 2023: coaches’ perception vs. observational results. Front. Sports Act. Living 6:1354623. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1354623
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fspor.2024.1354623
dc.identifier.issn2624-9367
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/7514
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Sports and Active Living
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectMen’s handball
dc.subjectMixed-methods
dc.subjectObservational methodology
dc.subjectPolar coordinate
dc.subjectQuestionnaire
dc.subjectAttack with empty goal
dc.subjectCoaches’ perception
dc.subject.
dc.subjectFaculdade de Ciências Sociais
dc.subjectEscola Superior de Tecnologias e Gestão
dc.titleEvolution of attack in handball when playing 7 vs. 6 with empty goal between 2020 and 2023: coaches’ perception vs. observational resultseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Sports and Active Living
oaire.citation.volume6
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNamePrudente
person.familyNameRamos Cardoso
person.familyNameRodrigues
person.familyNameNoite Mendes
person.familyNameFernando
person.familyNameLopes
person.familyNameSousa
person.givenNameJoão Filipe
person.givenNameAmérico
person.givenNameAna
person.givenNameJoao Manuel
person.givenNameCatarina
person.givenNameHelder
person.givenNameDuarte
person.identifier667547
person.identifier.ciencia-idFD17-8CA1-0ACF
person.identifier.ciencia-idB01E-9F7E-02C9
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1247-6017
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7137-0311
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1675-984X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4482-156X
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8330-9315
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1388-9473
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3749-3876
person.identifier.ridH-7949-2015
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