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Determination of phthalic acid esters and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate in fish and squid using the ammonium formate version of the QuEChERS method combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
In the present study, the ammonium formate version of the QuEChERS method, considered highly advantageous
in relation to instrument maintenance and other issues, was applied for the first time to extract a group of twelve
phthalic acid esters (PAEs, i.e. dipropyl phthalate, DPP; diisobutyl phthalate, DIBP; dibutyl phthalate, DBP;
diisopentyl phthalate, DIPP; di-n-pentyl phthalate, DNPP; dihexyl phthalate, DHP; butyl benzyl phthalate, BBP;
dicyclohexyl phthalate, DCHP; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP; di-n-octyl phthalate, DNOP; diisononyl
phthalate, DINP; and diisodecyl phthalate, DIDP) and one adipate (di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, DEHA) from two
species of fish (Scomber colias and Katsuwonus pelamis) and one of squid (Loligo gahi). The method was validated
in terms of linearity, trueness and matrix effects. Determination coefficients (R2
) for matrix-matched calibration
curves were higher than 0.99 in all cases, being the lowest calibration levels in the range 0.5–10 ng/g. Mean
recovery values were between 70 and 117% with relative standard deviation values ≤20%. Matrix effects were
soft (between − 20 and +20%) for most analytes and matrices, except in squid samples, which was mostly
medium with a moderate ion suppression. The analysis of 10 samples of each type showed the presence of DIBP,
DBP and DEHP at concentrations up to 44.2 ± 2.1 ng/g of wet weight in some of the samples and species, still not
representing concerning values when considering the daily intake of such species of seafood in the human diet
(tolerable daily intake -TDI- values were not exceeded). Results demonstrated that the ammonium formate
version of the QuEChERS method can be applied with success for the extraction and determination of the selected
PAEs and DEHA in fish and squid samples.
Description
Keywords
Fish Squid QuEChERS Ammonium formate Phthalic acid esters Gas chromatography mass spectrometry . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia
Citation
Sambolino, A., Ortega-Zamora, C., González-Sálamo, J., Dinis, A., Cordeiro, N., Canning-Clode, J., & Hernández-Borges, J. (2022). Determination of phthalic acid esters and di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate in fish and squid using the ammonium formate version of the QuEChERS method combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 380, 132174.
Publisher
Elsevier