DigitUMa
Repositório Institucional da Universidade da Madeira
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Del ensayo al concierto: efectos de la ansiedad social evaluativa y de la autoestima en el rendimiento musical
Publication . Fernández Company, José Fernando; Sáez Martínez, Sandra; Freitas, Carina; Freitas, Carina; De Barros Freitas, Carina Patrícia
La ansiedad escénica musical constituye un fenómeno frecuente en la formación musical reglada, especialmente durante la adolescencia, etapa caracterizada por una elevada sensibilidad a la evaluación social. Sin embargo, la interacción entre ansiedad social evaluativa, autoestima y rendimiento musical en contextos ecológicamente válidos sigue estando insuficientemente explorada en alumnado de Conservatorios Profesionales. Participaron 32 estudiantes de Enseñanzas Profesionales de Música (12-18 años). Se empleó un diseño cuantitativo no experimental y correlacional, con comparación intra-sujeto del rendimiento musical en dos contextos evaluativos (ensayo y concierto) y análisis transversal por etapa formativa (1º-3º vs. 4º-6º). Se evaluaron el miedo a la evaluación negativa, la autoestima y la ansiedad general mediante cuestionarios estandarizados, y el rendimiento interpretativo mediante valoración experta. El rendimiento musical fue significativamente menor en la situación de concierto. El miedo a la evaluación negativa se asoció negativamente con el rendimiento en concierto y con una mayor caída del rendimiento respecto al ensayo, mientras que la autoestima actuó como un factor protector. La ansiedad generalizada no mostró asociaciones significativas directas con el rendimiento y se observaron diferencias evolutivas y de género, especialmente en las etapas iniciales de la formación. Los resultados evidencian el papel central de la ansiedad social evaluativa en el rendimiento musical y se considera la necesidad de integrar intervenciones psicológicas, incluida la musicoterapia, en la educación musical formal.
O impacto do trabalho por turnos na vida familiar dos trabalhadores do Hotel The Cliff Bay
Publication . Gouveia, Joana Raquel Ferro; Costa, Ana Paula; Lousada, Sérgio António Neves
Este estudo analisa impacto do trabalho por turnos na vida familiar dos trabalhadores do
setor hoteleiro, com base num estudo de caso do Hotel The Cliff Bay, situado no Funchal. A
escolha deste contexto prende-se com a relevância da hotelaria na economia regional e
nacional e com a elevada incidência de regimes de trabalho noturno e rotativo neste setor,
que colocam desafios significativos à conciliação entre a vida profissional e pessoal.
O enquadramento teórico parte de uma revisão da literatura que contextualiza a evolução
histórica do trabalho por turnos e a sua crescente importância no setor dos serviços, em
particular na hotelaria e turismo. O estudo analisa também os efeitos psicossociais associados
ao trabalho por turnos, dando especial destaque ao impacto que este regime pode ter na
saúde física e mental dos profissionais, bem como no seu bem-estar geral e qualidade de
vida. Entre os problemas mais frequentes encontram-se a fadiga, as alterações do sono e as
dificuldades na gestão emocional. Além disso, são considerados os impactos na vida familiar,
sobretudo no que diz respeito à organização do tempo, à qualidade das relações familiares e
sociais e ao equilíbrio entre as exigências profissionais e as responsabilidades domésticas.
A investigação inclui uma revisão do enquadramento legal português relativo ao trabalho por
turnos e noturno, tendo em conta as normas previstas no Código do Trabalho e na Legislação
Europeia, em especial a Diretiva (UE) 2019/1152. São igualmente discutidas estratégias de
gestão de recursos humanos adotadas pelas organizações hoteleiras, que procuram atenuar
os efeitos negativos deste regime através de práticas como a flexibilização de horários e a
promoção do bem-estar organizacional. Metodologicamente, o estudo assume uma
abordagem quantitativa, recorrendo à aplicação de um questionário aplicado em português e
inglês aos colaboradores do Hotel The Cliff Bay.
O questionário utilizado no estudo focou‑se em várias áreas importantes, como a saúde, o
bem‑estar, a vida familiar, o nível de satisfação com os turnos e a forma como os trabalhadores
percecionam a gestão organizacional. A análise dos dados evidencia que muitos
trabalhadores sentem dificuldades em manter rotinas familiares estáveis, além de um
desgaste físico e psicológico que se vai acumulando ao longo do tempo. Os resultados
sugerem ainda que para lidar com estas exigências, os colaboradores desenvolvem
estratégias individuais e familiares de adaptação. Entre as soluções surgem a reorganização
do tempo passado com a família, o apoio de pessoas próximas e a importância de reservar
momentos de lazer para aliviar a pressão do dia a dia.
Estudo exploratório sobre a segurança ocupacional na hotelaria: o departamento de F&B
Publication . Silva, Alfe Sebastião Batista da; Costa, Ana Paula; Lousada, Sérgio António Neves
A hotelaria em Portugal constitui um pilar estratégico do setor de turismo, assumindo um
papel determinante no crescimento económico, na criação de emprego e na valorização
do território nacional. O país tem-se consolidando como um destino turístico competitivo
a nível internacional, beneficiando de fatores como a gastronomia, a cultura, o clima e a
hospitalidade.
Segundo a OIT, (2023) cerca 3 milhões de pessoas terão morrido por acidente ou por
doenças relacionada com trabalho em 2023. Em Portugal, no mesmo ano ocorreram cerca
de 184 607 acidentes de trabalho mortais e não mortais, na Região Autónoma da Madeira
(RAM) ocorreram cerca de 769 acidentes de trabalho no setor de restauração, alojamento
e similares (GEP, 2025; DREM, 2025).
A segurança ocupacional na hotelaria é um tema importante devido à natureza
multifacetada da operação hoteleira, a elevada exposição dos trabalhadores a riscos
diversos e ao impacto direto que a segurança tem na qualidade do serviço. A segurança
ocupacional é uma preocupação do homem desde há muito tempo, e crescente em todos
setores da economia, e na hotelaria esta questão assume uma relevância particular devido
às características específica do ambiente de trabalho. O setor hoteleiro especialmente o
departamento F&B é conhecido pela sua dinâmica intensa, envolvendo grande
diversidade de atividades que podem representar riscos significativos para a saúde e
segurança dos trabalhadores (EU-OSHA, 2023).
Utilizando uma abordagem quantitativo, o estudo demonstra que a segurança ocupacional
na hotelaria resulta da interação entre fatores organizacionais, infraestruturais e
comportamentais. A existência de uma cultura de segurança e de práticas preventivas
contribui para a redução do risco, mas a sua eficácia depende da qualidade das
infraestruturas e da adesão consistente dos colaboradores à utilização dos equipamentos
de proteção individual e na adoção de comportamentos seguros.
Synergy between ground-based remote sensing instruments for retrieving microphysical-optical-radiative properties of atmospheric aerosols
Publication . Oliveira, Daniel Camilo Fortunato dos Santos; Sicard, Michaël; Rodríguez Gómez, Alejandro Antonio
The improvements in retrieving microphysical, optical, and radiative properties
of aerosols can contribute to more detailed local observations and research, support
local or global climate modeling and air quality forecasting, validate satellite
products, and contribute to public policies. This PhD thesis aims at achieving such
improvements through synergies between ground-based remote-sensing
instruments. The objectives are to (1) evaluate the potential of an inversion
algorithm, namely GRASP, for retrieving aerosol properties from the synergy
between a polarized Sun-sky-lunar photometer and a state-of-the-art
ACTRIS/EARLINET multi-wavelength lidar, and (2) estimate long-term aerosol
radiative effects by combining net radiative fluxes from pyranometers and Aerosol
Optical Depth (AOD) from photometers, and assessing GRASP’s ability to retrieve
such effects on a case-by-case basis. To achieve Obj. 1, sensitive tests (noise-free
and random noise retrievals) were performed with GRASP for several combinations
of ground-based observations, including polarization information as GRASP inputs,
for three aerosol scenarios in Barcelona, Spain. The sensitive tests showed that the
addition of the Degree of Linear Polarization (DoLP) improved the noise-free and
random-noise GRASP inversions, particularly under higher AOD. The gains were
most notable for the coarse mode of the optical properties, and for the coarse mode
of the Real Refractive Index. To achieve Obj. 2, a direct method was applied to
estimate spectral Aerosol Forcing Efficiency (AFE) and Aerosol Radiative Forcing
(ARF) for a 14-year database in Barcelona, Spain. The AFE-ARF estimations
confirmed a dominant cooling forcing over Barcelona, with the strongest cooling
effect caused by mineral dust, followed by urban/industrial-biomass burning and
mixed aerosols. Furthermore, the GRASP inversions with DoLP were more accurate
for the ARF, agreeing with the direct method in the high-AOD cases.
Assessing the extent and impact of plastic pollution in coral reefs
Publication . Vered, Gal; Shenkar, Noa
Despite the growing awareness of the harmful effects, the continuous increase in plastic
influx into natural environments still poses a constant threat, endangering unique marine
ecosystems such as coral reefs. These reefs, which are essential ecologically and sustain
livelihoods for over a billion people worldwide, face severe degradation due to
anthropogenic activities, climate change and the pervasive issue of plastic pollution. Plastic
enters the oceans through various land- and sea-based human activities, breaking down into
microplastics and releasing chemical additives into the environment. Marine plastic debris
has detrimental effects on corals, increasing their vulnerability to pathogens and causing
issues like entanglement, suffocation and the ingestion of microplastics, resulting in energy
loss. Additionally, plastic additives leaching into the environment can harm marine
organisms, with chemicals such as bisphenols and phthalates disrupting endocrine systems.
The primary motivation of my research was to address the main knowledge gaps identified
by the United Nations Environment Programme concerning plastic pollution in coral-reef
ecosystems. I achieved this by conducting controlled experiments and comprehensive field
surveys, seeking to understand the extent and impact of plastic pollution in coral reefs.
My research encompasses an examination of the effects of plastic additives on coral
reef organisms; the characterization of plastic debris levels in the Gulf of Aqaba; and an
exploration of plastic additives in coral-reef invertebrates residing on natural substrates
compared to those residing on plastic debris. The findings from my study contribute to the
development of a comprehensive understanding of marine plastic pollution and its
implications for coral-reef ecosystems.
In Chapter 1, I examine the reproductive products of four tropical coral-reef
invertebrates exposed to environmentally-relevant concentrations in seawater of four
prevalent plastic additives: dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), 4
nonylphenol (4-NP) and bisphenol A (BPA), as well as to 10
3
higher laboratory
concentrations of these four plastic additives. The findings reveal that apart from the -NP on the settlement of the soft coral Rhytisma
fulvum, none of the other tested materials demonstrated a significant effect on the exposed
organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations in the seawater. Regarding the high
laboratory concentrations: the 4-gnificant negative effects on all the
success in the solitary ascidian Herdmania momus, up to its complete failure to reproduce;
ad a significant negative effect on planulae
settlement of the stony coral Stylophora pistillata. The study's findings demonstrate the
negative and selective effects of plastic additives on the development and reproduction of
coral-reef organisms; and, specifically, the significant effect found following exposure to
4-NP. Consequently, if we wish to fully understand the impact of these contaminants on
this endangered ecosystem, their actual concentrations within the living organism tissues
need to be determined in order to produce relevant risk assessments for brooding coral
species.
The Gulf of Aqaba in the northern Red Sea is considered a potential coral-reef refuge
from climate change. However, it is subjected to increasing levels of plastic contamination.
In Chapter 2, I characterized the levels of benthic plastic debris, microplastics and plasticizers within the coral
2 years. I found that concentrations of benthic plastic debris lay within the level of the
reported data from other tropical coral reefs, with boating and fishing debris comprising
the most abundant categories. Unlike other studies that have investigated the relationship
between depth and the extent of plastic pollution, I found that the deep mesophotic reefs
featured significantly higher levels of benthic plastic debris compared to the shallower
concentrations to those reported for the central Red Sea surface seawater, with none of the
studied plasticizers exceeding the limits of quantification. These findings provide an
important scientific database for developing regional policies and management strategies
for battling plastic pollution and making the reefs of the northern Red Sea a coral refuge
protected from both global and local anthropogenic stressors.
In Chapter 3, I explore the differences in the presence of plastic additives among coral
reef invertebrates, particularly by comparing organisms residing on natural substrates with
those on plastic debris. The connection between the occurrence of plastic additives in corals
and encrusting invertebrates residing on plastic debris has not been explored to date, nor
contrasted with those residing on natural substrates. My analytical approach involved
utilizing Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
(GCMS), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to both UV and Mass
Spectrometry (HPLC/UV/MS). These methodologies were applied to explore the
occurrence of seven targeted plastic additives in samples of three prevalent coral-reef
invertebrate species: Stylophora pistillata, Rhytisma fulvum and Crella cyathophora,
collected from both a protected reef within a marine nature reserve and an adjacent reef
outside the reserve. The study not only scrutinized the presence of plastic additives but also
investigated potential patterns across various species, substrates and sites. My findings
revealed the widespread presence of plastic additives in 52% of the examined organisms,
encompassing all the studied species and substrates, with Dibenzylamine and bis (2
ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) emerging as the only detected compounds. Statistical
analyses indicated no significant difference in their presence between the natural substrate
and plastic debris. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in pollution
levels between sites, with the protected reef site exhibiting lower contamination. Notably,
R. fulvum within the marine reserve demonstrated significantly reduced pollution levels
compared to its counterparts in the unprotected adjacent reef. This underscores the
protective role of marine reserves in mitigating the impact of chemical pollutants on coral
reef ecosystems. The findings from this research add to the growing body of evidence
regarding the widespread presence of plastic-related chemicals, and highlight the protective
role of marine reserves in mitigating the impact of chemical pollutants on coral-reef
ecosystems.
The data acquired and presented in my dissertation contribute to promoting a global
understanding of the extent and impact of plastic pollution on coral-reef ecosystems. They
provide essential support for the science-based management of marine plastic pollution
and, consequently, may play a crucial role in the preservation of coral reefs.