Browsing by Author "Andrade, Carlos"
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- Effect of different levels of synthetic astaxanthin on growth, skin color and lipid metabolism of commercial sized red porgy (Pagrus pagrus)Publication . Nogueira, Natacha; Canada, Paula; Caboz, José; Andrade, Carlos; Cordeiro, NereidaA study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of supplementing commercial feeds with Car ophyll® Pink, a gelatin-encapsuled astaxanthin, on growth parameters, lipid composition, pigment concentration and skin color of commercial size red porgy. Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated containing different levels of astaxantin: Ctrl diet (no pigment added), A50 diet (with 50 mg/kg of astaxanthin) and A80 diet (with 80 mg/ kg of astaxanthin). Four groups of fish (386.29 ± 29.50 g initial weight) were grown in triplicate tanks (10 fish per tank). Ctrl, A50 and A80 groups were fed the respective diets to apparent satiation for 180 days, while a fourth group was fed A50 diet for 90 days followed by A80 diet for another 90 days (A50A80). At the end of trial muscle samples were collected for composition analysis, liver and mesenteric fat for lipid composition determination and skin samples for carotenoids quantification. Dietary astaxanthin supplementation had no effect on growth performance and hepatosomatic index. However, A50A80 group displayed a lower muscle protein content and higher fat content when compared to the other groups. There was no clear effect of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on the liver’s and mesenteric fatty acid profile. Although there was no significant effect on skin total carot enoids, the astaxanthin content tended to increase in fish fed astaxanthin supplemented diets, which was reflected on redness values. Accordingly, dietary astaxanthin supplementation (at 50 or 80 mg/kg for 6 months or at 50 mg/kg for 3 months followed by 80 mg/kg for 3 months) influenced positively skin hue and chroma of red porgy on both pectoral and caudal areas, improving the skin color in commercial sized red porgy and achieving hue and chroma values close to those previously reported for wild individuals. The results reported here provide evidence of the applicability of Carophyll® Pink to improve skin color of large size commercial red porgy, but further studies are needed to optimize this carotenoid supplementation in production farming.
- Evaluation of fatty acids profile as a useful tool towards valorization of by-products of agri-food industryPublication . Ferreira, Rui; Lourenço, Sílvia; Lopes, André; Andrade, Carlos; Câmara, José S.; Castilho, Paula; Perestrelo, RosaWorldwide, the food industry generates a large number of by-products from a wide variety of sources. These by-products represent an interesting and economical source of added value components with potential functionalities and/or bioactivities, which might be explored for industrial purposes, encouraging and promoting the circular economy concept. In this context, the current work aimed to evaluate the fatty acids (FAs) profile using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), as well as the determination of related health lipid indices (e.g., atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI)) as a powerful strategy to investigate the potential applications of different agri-food by-products for human nutrition and animal feeding. This work results showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the predominant group in grape pomace (72.7%), grape bunches (54.3%), and brewer’s spent grain (BSG, 59.0%), whereas carrot peels are dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs, 47.3%), and grape stems (46.2%), lees (from 50.8 to 74.1%), and potato peels (77.2%) by saturated fatty acids (SFAs). These findings represent a scientific basis for exploring the nutritional properties of agri-food by-products. Special attention should be given to grape pomace, grape bunches, and BSG since they have a high content of PUFAs (from 54.3 to 72.7%) and lower AI (from 0.11 to 0.38) and TI (from 0.30 to 0.56) indexes, suggesting their potential to provide a variety of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases including well-established hypotriglyceridemia and anti-inflammatory effects, products to which they are added.
- Exploring the potential of wine industry by-products as source of additives to improve the quality of aquafeedPublication . Câmara, José S.; Lourenço, Sílvia; Silva, Catarina; Lopes, André; Andrade, Carlos; Perestrelo, RosaThe recent growing concern driven by consumer interest in the safety and quality of seafood, has boosted the search for healthy and functional aquafeeds. The current study represents the first approach to assess the po tential of volatile composition of the wine industry by products (e.g., grape pomace, grape stems, lees), as additives for improving the quality of fish feeds in terms of organoleptic characteristics (e.g., aroma and flavor) and health benefits. Headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC–MS) was used to establish the volatile profile of wine industry by-products. A total of 153 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which belong to different chemical families, comprising 36 esters, 31 carbonyl compound, 20 alcohols, 18 terpenoids, 17 acids, 11 furanic compounds, four volatile phenols, two lactones, and 14 miscellaneous, were identified. Esters and terpenoids showed a positive contribution to the aquafeeds aroma with fruity, sweet, green, fresh, and berry notes, whereas some acids (e.g., hexanoic acid) and terpenoids (e.g., limonene) could be used as antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative agents. Our findings confirmed the potential of wine industry by-products as a rich source of essential compounds to enhance the quality of aquafeeds towards the valorization of winery waste based on the concept of circular economy. Further in vestigation on the extraction, isolation and purification of VOCs from a natural bio-source will guarantee the safety of the aquafeed and compliance with the requirements of the animal feed industry.
- Inclusion of low levels of blood and feathermeal in practical diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)Publication . Nogueira, Natacha; Cordeiro, Nereida; Andrade, Carlos; Aires, TiagoRendered animal protein ingredients, such as feather meal and blood meal, are promising animal protein sources for the replacement of fish meal often proved to combine synergistically. Three practical diets containing similar amounts of PD/ED (22.0 mg/kJ) but differing in the amount of digestible protein were tested in sea bream juveniles of initial body weight 41.81±1.12 g. FBCM diet (40%PD) and FBM diet (42%PD) contained similar percentages of blood and feather meal (10% and 5%, respectively) but differed in the proportion of soybean / rapeseed meal. Although growth performance and feed utilization were very similar in all treatments, chemical composition showed that blood and feather meal supplementation increased significantly whole-body lipid content compared with fishmeal diet (P205A). Liver lipid content was significantly lower in fish fed FBCM diet. Whole-body fatty acids composition was similar between treatments, ranging between 242.57±14.17 mg g-1 in FBM diet and 274.62±23.95 mg g-1 for FBCM diet. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid; EPA and DHA were the most abundant fatty acids in both polar and neutral lipid fractions of the fish. Economical evaluation indicated that the incorporation of blood and feather meal as a substitute of fish meal decreased feed costs leading to a better economic conversion ratio.
- Microsatellite variability in natural populations of the blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo (Brunnick, 1768): a database to access parentage assignment in aquaculturePublication . Lemos, Andreia; Freitas, Ana Isabel; Fernandes, Ana Teresa; Gonçalves, Rita; Jesus, José; Andrade, Carlos; Brehm, AntónioEight microsatellite loci previously reported were as sessed for their utility in parentage assignment in 96 individuals belonging to natural populations of the blackspot seabream Pagellus bogaraveo (Brˇnnick, 1768) from the Mediterranean and Northeast Atlantic regions. At the mtDNA level, no di¡erentiation was found between these two regions but based on micro satellite data an overall discrete genetic di¡erentiation is perceivable between the two regions separated by the Strait of Gibraltar. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 30. A database constructed with al lele frequency data from six populations was used in a simulation parentage assignment test using the software CERVUS. The test showed that the number of markers used is enough to perform parentage assign ments with real data. The polymorphic information content for each locus was very high (mean value of 0.849), with a total exclusionary power of 0.9995. In summary, seven of the eight microsatellites analysed proved to be su⁄cient and powerful tools for parent age assignment in hatcheries and the allele frequency data given here can be used to perform pedigree ana lysis against which real data may be tested.
- Population density, reproduction cycle and nutritional value of Sphaerechinus granularis (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in an oceanic insular ecosystemPublication . Lourenço, Sílvia; José, Ricardo; Neves, Pedro; Góis, André; Cordeiro, Nereida; Andrade, Carlos; Ribeiro, CláudiaSea urchins play an important role in island coastal ecosystems as keystone species and as potential resources for harvesting and aquaculture. In Southern Europe, the most valuable and harvested species is the European purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, but there is a growing interest to explore other edible species like the blunt sea urchin Sphaerechinus granularis. The echinoderms biodiversity of Madeira archipelago was previously described, but their local habitat, population densities and size distribution, important to establish their harvest and aquaculture potential, are poorly known. The present study aimed to evaluate S. granularis population in the oligotrophic and narrow insular shelf of Madeira archipelago, mainly regarding its habitat, densities, reproduction season and roe marketable characteristics. Sphaerechinus granularis was found in low densities (0.01 ind./m2 ) from shallow to deep reefs (5–30 m). The highest densities occurred in shallow waters and breakwaters in association to encrusting algae, turf and erect brown macroalgae. Here, the low primary productivity ecosystem influenced the long reproductive season of the local population. This population showed a relatively high gonadosomatic index (maximum GI of 8), high gonad weight (5.00–12.19 g) with high proportion of bright yellow and orange gonads (37.5–60%) between February and November. Additionally, the high level of total carotenoids, the high PUFA (particularly EPA) content, and the ratio n-6/n-3 close to one support the high nutritional value of S. granularis roe. The trend of incremental GI between September and November and the increasing content of PUFA in autumn suggests this could be the preferential harvesting season. This information is key to evaluate a sustainable exploitation of this living marine resource.