Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021"
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- Selective base revisionsPublication . Garapa, MarcoBelief Revision addresses the problem of rationally incorporating pieces of new information into an agent’s belief state. In the AGM paradigm, the most used frame work in Belief Revision, primacy is given to the new information, which is fully incorporated into the agent’s belief state. However, in real situations, one may want to reject the new information or only accept a part of it. A constructive model called Selective Revision was proposed to meet this need but, as in the AGM framework, focused on belief sets (sets closed under logical consequence). In this paper we adapt the selective revision operators, that were proposed for belief sets, to the belief base context, obtaining a model in which an agent’s epistemic state is represented by a belief base and that allows the acceptance of only part of the new information. We present several representation theorems for selective base revision operators based on different base revision operators.
- New taxa to the flora of Madeira archipelago islands (Portugal)Publication . Jardim, Roberto; Sequeira, Miguel Menezes de73 new references for 72 taxa of vascular plant are here reported for the Madeira archipelago. 55 not previously recorded for Desertas Islands, 12 to Porto Santo Island and 6 for Madeira Island. Of the 72 taxa, 28 are xenophytes, and 10 are new taxa to the flora of the archipelago (of these 9 are xenophytes). Their native status, taxonomy and distribution are briefly discussed. Keywords: Madeira archipelago; vascular plants; new records; xenophytes.
- Os cursos de Educação e Formação de Adultos (EFA) e o combate à iliteraciaPublication . Dias, José XavierA luta contra a iliteracia é um esforço que precisa ser desenvolvido com a participação de todos os interessados. O número de pessoas afetadas por este flagelo, que ainda é muito alto, atingindo uma em cada cinco pessoas em toda a Europa. É um fenómeno insidioso, porque é invisível e ainda subestimado, e verdadeiramente bem omnipresente. Para que se ganhe a luta contra a iliteracia, é essencial que as ações tenham em conta não só as dificuldades das crianças, mas também as dos seus pais, que muitas vezes são eles próprios afetados por esse problema. Na verdade, ter em conta as dificuldades que se verificam em algumas famílias têm um grande impacto sobre a capacidade para o progresso das crianças e jovens. Outro foco igualmente fundamental é a formação para todos os que terão de estar em contato com os que são afetados pela iliteracia. Neste sentido, é importante apostar na Aprendizagem ao longo da vida, quer seja formal, não formal e ou informal. No âmbito da formação formal destacamos os cursos de Educação e Formação de adultos (EFA). Estes cursos visam elevar os níveis de habilitação escolar e profissional da população portuguesa adulta, através de uma oferta integrada de educação e formação que potencie as suas condições de empregabilidade e certifique as competências adquiridas ao longo da vida. Os cursos EFA são um excelente veículo para o combate à iliteracia nos adultos, porque potenciam uma aprendizagem assente em percursos flexíveis e ajudam os adultos a adquirir competências indispensáveis para o dia-a-dia. Neste trabalho daremos como exemplo a experiência dos cursos EFA na Escola Básica dos 2.º e 3.º Ciclos da Torre.
- Rediscovering of Chara braunii (Characeae, Charophyta) in Madeira (Macaronesian region, Portugal)Publication . Medina, Leopoldo; Nascimento, Pedro; Sequeira, Miguel Menezes deChara braunii C.C. Gmelin (Characeae, Charophyta) was found in Madeira Island (Portugal) in a water channel in an agricultural area. This constitutes the first record of that species since 1944 in the Macaronesian region (Azores, Madeira and Canary archipelagos).
- Metabolic profiling and antibacterial activity of Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. - prospecting for its use in the treatment of bacterial infectionsPublication . Fernandes, Laura Silva; Costa, Ygor Ferreira Garcia da; Bessa, Martha Eunice de; Ferreira, Adriana Lucia Pires; Corrêa, José Otávio do Amaral; Del-Vechio Vieira, Glauciemar; Sousa, Orlando Vieira de; Araújo, Ana Lúcia Santos de Matos; Castilho, Paula C.; Alves, Maria SilvanaMorbidity and mortality of the infected patients by multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased, emphasizing the urgency of fi ght for the discovery of new innovative antibiotics. In this sense, natural products emerge as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Among the biodiversity, Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl. (Apiaceae Lindl.) is traditionally used to treat thrush and ulcers of throat and mouth, as diuretic and emmenagogue, but scarcely known as an antimicrobial agent. With this context in mind, the goals of this study were to investigate the metabolic profi le and the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract (EE-Ep) and hexane (HF-Ep), dichloromethane (DF-Ep), ethyl acetate (EAF-Ep) and butanol (BF-Ep) fractions from E. pristis leaves. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed to stablish the metabolic profi le and revealed the presence of 12 and 14 compounds in EAF-Ep and HF-Ep, respectively. β-selinene, spathulenol, globulol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and lupeol derivative were some of phytochemicals identifi ed. The antibacterial activity was determined by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) using the broth micro-dilution against eight ATCC® and fi ve methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strains. HF-Ep was the most eff ective (MIC ≤ 5,000 μg/μL), being active against the largest part of tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including MRSA, with exception of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and (ATCC 27853). These results suggest that E. pristis is a natural source of bioactive compounds for the search of new antibiotics which can be an interesting therapeutic approach to recover patients mainly infected by MRSA strains.
- A sexualidade na pessoa idosa: Combatendo mitos e estereótiposPublication . Magalhães, Carlos Pires; Fernandes, Hélder Jaime; Afonso, Carlos Miguel FigueiredoContrariando os estereótipos negativos associados à sexualidade dos mais idosos, que frequentemente vemos veiculados na sociedade, estudos comprovam que a sexualidade é vivenciada em idades mais avançadas. Sendo certo que o processo de envelhecimento acarreta alterações morfológicas, fisiológicas e psicossociais, estas não se iniciam no mesmo momento, nem atingem de igual forma todas as pessoas, negando que todos os idosos se assemelham, por outro lado muitas destas alterações podem ser minimizadas, compensadas. Para além das alterações decorrentes da idade, outros fatores podem influenciar fortemente a vivência da sexualidade, tais como os psicossociais, culturais, patológicos, farmacológicos, ambientais, a perda do parceiro sexual, entre outros. Estudos acerca da autopercepção da sexualidade na população idosa colocam em evidência que, quer o modelo coital, quer o modelo do prazer, podem estar presentes em idades mais avançadas, sendo considerado pela maioria como necessária. Os profissionais que lidam com os idosos devem abordar a sexualidade sem tabus, apostando na desconstrução dos mitos e estereótipos, em prole da qualidade de vida dos mesmos.
- The association of healthy lifestyle behaviors with overweight and obesity among older adults from 21 countriesPublication . Marconcin, Priscila; Ihle, Andreas; Werneck, André O.; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Ferrari, Gerson; Peralta, Miguel; Marques, AdilsonThis study aimed to analyze the association of healthy lifestyle behaviors with overweight and obesity among Europeans aged 65+ years. Data were from the 2014 European Social Survey, analyzing 21 countries. Five lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep quality, drinking alcohol, and smoking) were analyzed. Binary logistic regressions were performed. A total of 8938 participants (4099 men) 65 years and older, mean age—73.6 (SD: 6.6) presented prevalence of overweight of 42.3% (95% CI: 41.3 to 43.3) and obesity of 20.9% (95% CI: 20.1 to 21.8). Adopting five healthy behaviors was associated with lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.63), but not overweight (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.10). Physical activity (≥5 days/week) was the most protective behavior, reducing by 42% the odds of obesity. Sex moderated the association of fruits and vegetables consumption, alcohol use, and smoking with obesity. Strategies aiming to reduce obesity levels in older adults should focus on the promotion of multiple lifestyle health behaviors, particularly physical activity in order to decrease vulnerability risk in old age.
- Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweightPublication . NCD Risk Factor Collaboration; Ornelas, Rui T.From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
- Sinopse da biogeografia de PortugalPublication . Capelo, Jorge; Aguiar, Carlos; Mesquita, Sandra