Browsing by Author "Bordiga, Matteo"
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- Behind the scenes of anthocyanins—From the health benefits to potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic fieldsPublication . Câmara, José S.; Monica Locatelli; Pereira, Jorge A. M.; Oliveira, Hélder; Arlorio, Marco; Fernandes, Iva; Perestrelo, Rosa; Freitas, Victor; Bordiga, Matteo; Câmara, José; Augusto Machado Pereira, JorgeAnthocyanins are widespread and biologically active water-soluble phenolic pigments responsible for a wide range of vivid colours, from red (acidic conditions) to purplish blue (basic conditions), present in fruits, vegetables, and coloured grains. The pigments’ stability and colours are influenced mainly by pH but also by structure, temperature, and light. The colour-stabilizing mechanisms of plants are determined by inter- and intramolecular co-pigmentation and metal complexation, driven by van der Waals, π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and metal-ligand interactions. This group of flavonoids is well-known to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which explains the biological effects associated with them. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the role of anthocyanins as natural colorants, showing they are less harmful than conventional colorants, with several technological potential applications in different industrial fields, namely in the textile and food industries, as well as in the development of photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells, as new photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, pharmaceuticals, and in the cosmetic industry, mainly on the formulation of skin care formulations, sunscreen filters, nail colorants, skin & hair cleansing products, amongst others. In addition, we will unveil some of the latest studies about the health benefits of anthocyanins, mainly focusing on the protection against the most prevalent human diseases mediated by oxidative stress, namely cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The contribution of anthocyanins to visual health is also very relevant and will be briefly explored.
- The fingerprint of fortified wines—From the sui generis production processes to the distinctive aromaPublication . Perestrelo, Rosa; Jaouhari, Yassine; Abreu, Teresa; Castillo, Mariangie M.; Travaglia, Fabiano; Pereira, Jorge A. M.; Câmara, José S.; Bordiga, Matteo; Perestrelo, Rosa; Augusto Machado Pereira, Jorge; Câmara, JoséThe fortified wines that originated in Mediterranean countries have, in common, a high alcohol content to increase their shelf-life during long journeys to northern Europe and the American continent. Nowadays, the world’s better-known wines, including Marsala, Madeira, Port, and Sherry, due to their high alcoholic content, sweet taste, and intense aromatic profile, are designated as dessert wines and sometimes served as aperitifs. This review gives an overview of the traditional vinification process, including the microbiota and autochthonous yeast, as well as the regulatory aspects of the main Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish fortified wines. The winemaking process is essential to defining the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that characterize the aroma of each fortified wine, giving them an organoleptic fingerprint and “terroir” characteristics. The various volatile and odorous compounds found in fortified wines during the oxidative aging are discussed in the last part of this review.
- Global volatile signature and polyphenols patterns in Vespolina wines according to vintagePublication . Bordiga, Matteo; Perestrelo, Rosa; Câmara, José S.; Yang, Qiong‐Qiong; Corke, Harold; Travaglia, Fabiano; Locatelli, Monica; Arlorio, Marco; Coïsson, Jean DanielThe global volatile signature of Vespolina wines from different vintages was established using solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-qMS). Wines were also characterised in terms of bioactive compounds (such as individual polyphenols, biogenic amines and their precursors) by high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In addition, some physic ochemical parameters, such as the total phenolic content, total tannins and antioxidant capacity, were evaluated. Seventy-one volatile compounds and thirty-three bioactive compounds were identified in Ves polina wines. The application of multivariate analysis to the obtained data revealed that 2-phenylethyl acetate, ethyl nonanoate, 2-hexanol, isoamyl octanoate and ethyl 2-hydroxymethylbutanoate were the pri mary compounds responsible for Vespolina wines classification, mainly indicative for wines of 2015 and 2013 vintages. Conversely, wines from 2008 and 2009 vintages showed highest values of procyanidin B1, catechin, gallic acid, trans-piceid and trans-resveratrol.
- Impact of Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica Newman) on the chemical composition of two grape varieties (Nebbiolo and Erbaluce) grown in ItalyPublication . Selli, Serkan; Perestrelo, Rosa; Kelebek, Hasim; Sevindik, Onur; Travaglia, Fabiano; Coïsson, Jean Daniel; Câmara, José S.; Bordiga, Matteo; Perestrelo, Rosa; Câmara, JoséThe effect of Japanese beetles (P. japonica) on critical quality indicators of Nebbiolo and Erbaluce grapes, spe cifically on their phenolic and volatile composition, was assessed. Adult beetle symptoms include extended skeletonization of leaves. Leaves are frequently left with their mid-vein intact but, when severely damaged, quickly turn brown. However, the plant tends to recover by generating a new leaf apparatus and the grapes reach ripeness. It emerged that the phenolic content of grapes produced by plants attacked by P. japonica (396 and 550 mg/kg, Nebbiolo and Erbaluce respectively) was generally higher when compared to healthy plants (266 and 188 mg/kg, Nebbiolo and Erbaluce respectively). Similarly, in the (red) Nebbiolo cultivar, the anthocyanin content was significantly lower in grapes produced with healthy plants. The influence of P. japonica on the volatile composition of Nebbiolo and Erbaluce grapes showed a total volatile fraction of affected grapes (433 and 439 µg/kg, respectively) significantly higher than the one related to healthy grapes (391 and 386 µg/kg, respectively). In response to the attack by P. japonica the plant significantly increases the content of some volatile compounds such as hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and phenyl ethyl alcohol.
- Polyphenols, biogenic amines and amino acids patterns in Verdelho wines according to vintagePublication . Perestrelo, Rosa; Bordiga, Matteo; Locatelli, Monica; Silva, Catarina; Câmara, José S.Verdelho wine grape variety is an emblematic cultivar of Madeira Island. In this study, Verdelho wines, from six successive vintages (2010–2015) were characterized in terms of individual polyphenols, biogenic amines and their precursor's amino acids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In addi tion, the total phenolic content, total tannins and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Twenty-six polyphenols, four biogenic amines and four amino acids were identified. Verdelho wines from 2011, 2014 and 2015 vintages showed the highest concentration of polyphenols (145 mg/L), amino acids (52.0 mg/L) and biogenic amines (7.27 mg/L), respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA)) was used for classification and identification of compounds related to vintage effect. Epicatechin, gallic acid, phenylethylamine, histidine, caftaric acid, phe nylalanine, histamine and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside were the main compounds responsible for Verdelho wines classification according to vintage. Finally, it was observed that vintage did not promote the formation of biogenic amines and amino acids.I Independently of vintage the total concentration of biogenic amines in Verdelho wines are lower than the legal limits set by some European Union countries (< 8 mg/L).
- The flavor chemistry of fortified wines: a comprehensive approachPublication . Abreu, Teresa; Perestrelo, Rosa; Bordiga, Matteo; Locatelli, Monica; Daniel Coïsson, Jean; Câmara, José S.For centuries, wine has had a fundamental role in the culture and habits of different civilizations. Amongst numerous wine types that involve specific winemaking processes, fortified wines possess an added value and are greatly honored worldwide. This review comprises the description of the most important characteristics of the main worldwide fortified wines—Madeira, Port, Sherry, Muscat, and Vermouth—structured in three parts. The first part briefly describes the chemistry of wine flavor, the origin of typical aroma (primary, secondary and tertiary), and the influencing parameters during the winemaking process. The second part describes some specificities of worldwide fortified wine, highlighting the volatile composition with particular emphasis on aroma compounds. The third part reports the volatile composition of the most important fortified wines, including the principal characteristics, vinification process, the evolution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the aging processes, and the most important odor descriptors. Given the worldwide popularity and the economic relevance of fortified wines, much research should be done to better understand accurately the reactions and mechanisms that occur in different stages of winemaking, mainly during the oxidative and thermal aging.
- Tracing the volatilomic fingerprint of the most popular italian fortified winesPublication . Jasmins, Gonçalo; Perestrelo, Rosa; Coïsson, Jean Daniel; Sousa, Patrícia; Teixeira, José A.; Bordiga, Matteo; Câmara, José S.; Jasmins, Gonçalo; Perestrelo, Rosa; Câmara, JoséThe aim of the current study was to provide a useful platform to identify characteristic molecular markers related to the authenticity of Italian fortified wines. For this purpose, the volatilomic fingerprint of the most popular Italian fortified wines was established using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Several volatile organic compounds (VOCs), belonging with distinct chemical groups, were identified, ten of which are common to all the analyzed fortified Italian wines. Terpenoids were the most abundant chemical group in Campari bitter wines due to limonene’s high contribution to the total volatilomic fingerprint, whereas for Marsala wines, alcohols and esters were the most predominant chemical groups. The fortified Italian wines VOCs network demonstrated that the furanic compounds 2-furfural, ethyl furoate, and 5-methyl-2-furfural, constitute potential molecular markers of Marsala wines, while the terpenoids nerol, α-terpeniol, limonene, and menthone isomers, are characteristic of Vermouth wines. In addition, butanediol was detected only in Barolo wines, and β-phellandrene and β-myrcene only in Campari wines. The obtained data reveal an adequate tool to establish the authenticity and genuineness of Italian fortified wines, and at the same time constitute a valuable contribution to identify potential cases of fraud or adulteration to which they are subject, due to the high commercial value associated with these wines. In addition, they contribute to the deepening of scientific knowledge that supports its valorization and guarantee of quality and safety for consumers.