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- School-Based Family-Oriented Health Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic ReviewPublication . Santos, Francisco; Sousa, Honorato; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Lopes, Helder; Peralta, Miguel; Martins, João; Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia; Zurek, Grzegorz; Marques, AdilsonObjective: This study aimed to systematically review and analyse intervention programs in a school context centred on the family, focused on increasing youths’ physical activity. Data source: The research was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Study inclusion criteria: Studies were included if participants were children or adolescents, focusing on school-based intervention studies with parental involvement and physical activity, sedentary behaviour or physical fitness outcomes. Data extraction: The search was performed according to the PRISMA protocol. A total of 416 articles were identified. After being considered for eligibility and duplicates, 22 studies were identified as relevant for inclusion. Data synthesis: Sample and intervention characteristics, objective, the role of the family, outcomes measures, main findings regarding the outcomes and risk of bias. Results: Ten studies reported improvements in physical activity, 6 in sedentary behaviour and 9 in the components of physical fitness and/or skills related to healthy behaviours and lifestyles. Most of the interventions adopted a multidisciplinary and multi component approach. Conclusions: Most interventions employed a school’s multidisciplinary/multi-component approach to promoting physical activity, nutrition, and general education for healthier lifestyle behaviours. The impact of school-based interventions involving families on youth’s physical activity levels is still a relatively emerging theme. Further research is needed given the diversity of the intervention’s characteristics and the disparity in the results’ efficacy.
- Estimated energy expenditure in youth while playing active video games: a systematic reviewPublication . França, Cíntia; Ashraf, Sadaf; Santos, Francisco; Dionísio, Mara; Ihle, Andreas; Marques, Adilson; Nascimento, Marcelo de Maio; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; França, Cíntia; Dionisio, Mara; Marques, Adilson; de Maio Nascimento, Marcelo; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Baeta Santos, Francisco JoséSedentary behavior and inadequate energy expenditure are serious global public health concerns among youngsters. The exponential growth in technology emerges as a valuable opportunity to foster physical activity, particularly through active video games. We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus to provide a comprehensive view of the literature on energy expenditure levels among adolescents while playing active video games. Among the 574 manuscripts identified at the first screening stage, 23 were retained for analysis. Ten studies were characterized by longitudinal and thirteen by cross-sectional designs. The results showed that short-term active video games elicited energy expenditure values comparable to moderate-intensity physical activity (3–6 METs). However, in intervention programs (with at least six weeks) the results indicate no significant effects of active video games on youngsters’ energy expenditure levels and physical activity profiles between baseline and follow-up assessments. Overall, active video games based on sports and dance were the most used, and boys tended to achieve higher energy expenditure than girls. The diversity of methods implemented limits comparing results and drawing generalized conclusions. However, considering its attractiveness to youth, active video games might emerge as a complementary tool to traditional physical activities promoted in schools and local communities. Details regarding gender differences and contradictory results of longitudinal approaches should be considered in future research based on standardized methods.
- Variations in locomotor intensities across soccer match halves concerning player sectorial positionsPublication . Gouveia, Élvio Rubio; França, Cíntia; Henriques, Ricardo; Santos, Francisco; Mâncio, Rui; Przednowek, Krzysztof; Sarmento, Hugo; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; França, Cíntia; Baeta Santos, Francisco José; Sarmento, HugoPurposeThis study aims to explore disparities in locomotor metrics such as total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), accelerations (Acc), decelerations (Dec), and maximum speed (MS) across five soccer positions – centre defenders, fullbacks, midfielders, wingers, and forwards – during the 1-, 3-, and 5-minute match intensity periods (MIP). Additionally, it seeks to assess the difference in those locomotor metrics between the first and second halves of the match.MethodsAn observational, retrospective cohort study was undertaken with a professional team covering 32 official matches. A total of 20 soccer players participated in this study. Data were collected using a 10-Hz GNSS unit (Apex pro series, StatSports, Northern Ireland). The MIP considered different time durations (1, 3, 5 min in the 1st and the 2nd halves).ResultsSoccer players exhibited position-specific differences in locomotion, with Wingers covering the most distance and forwards showing the highest Acc and Dec. HSR was most notable in the fullbacks. The second half saw varied changes, with midfielders increasing in distance covered. ANCOVA revealed significant positional differences in TD during longer MIPs and between match halves. HSR varied across positions but only differed between halves in the 5-minute MIP. Acc and Dec displayed half-time differences, while maximal speed was consistently higher in the second half.ConclusionsThis study highlights the impact of player position and matches progression on locomotor metrics in soccer, underscoring the need for customised training and strategic adaptability to maximise performance throughout the game.
- Sex differences in body composition and physical fitness of young basketball playersPublication . França, Cíntia; Martins, Francisco; Santos, Francisco; Teixeira, Francisco; Śliż, Maciej; Przednowek, Krzysztof; Lopes, Helder; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Pestana Martins, João Francisco; Baeta Santos, Francisco José; Lopes, Helder; Gouveia, Elvio RúbioIntroduction: Throughout adolescence, sex differences are observed for anthropometric, body composition, and physical fitness variables. Objective: This study’s aims were: (1) to explore differences in anthropometry, body composition, and physical fitness performance between male and female youth basketball players, and (2) to examine the relationships between body composition, strength, and balance performance. Methodology: Forty-nine regional youth basketball players (27 males; mean age = 14.3 ± 1.2 years), were assessed for body composition, strength, speed, upper-limb coordination, and balance performance. Results: As expected, males were taller (p = 0.002), with lower body fat (p < 0.001) and increased fat-free mass (p < 0.002) than females. Body fat correlated significantly with strength (handgrip: rs = -0.47, p < 0.001; countermovement jump: rs = -0.72, p < 0.001; squat jump: rs = -0.73, p < 0.001; horizontal jump: rs = -0.76, p < 0.001), upper-limb speed and coordination (rs =-0.32, p = 0.027), and 20-m sprint performance (rs = 0.72, p < 0.001), but not with balance tasks. Body mass and fat-free mass were negatively associated with balance, indicating reduced postural control. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of accounting for sex differences when developing training programs for youth basketball players. Also, coaches and their staff should monitor body composition, particularly body fat, to enhance explosive strength and speed. Fat-free mass positively influences balance ability, highlighting the role of body composition in physical fitness.
- Seminário Internacional Desporto e Ciência 2024: livro de atasPublication . Antunes, Hélio; Antunes, Hélio; Lopes, Hélder; Lopes, Helder; Ornelas, Rui; Ornelas, Rui; Fernando, Catarina; Fernando, Catarina; França, Cíntia; França, Cíntia; Martins, João; Martins, João; Pestana Martins, João Francisco; Santos, Francisco; Baeta Santos, Francisco José; Gouveia, Élvio; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Elvio Rúbio
- Efeitos do destreino de curto prazo na composição corporal, força, potência e capacidade anaeróbica de jogadores de futebolPublication . Saldanha, João; Santos, Francisco; Baeta Santos, Francisco José; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Elvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Elvio RúbioResumo O destreino pode ser definido como uma redução parcial ou interrupção total das cargas de treino, levando a uma série de adaptações físicas e fisiológicas. Estudos anteriores evidenciaram reduções significativas no desempenho de força e potência em atletas com diferentes antecedentes de treino após uma pausa de longo prazo (ou seja, períodos superiores a 4 semanas). Por outro lado, relativamente ao destreino de curto prazo (ou seja, <4 semanas), o nível de evidência é limitado. Portanto, até ao momento, não existe consenso acerca dos efeitos das interrupções de curto-prazo no decorrer da época, o que representa uma limitação da pesquisa atual na modalidade do Futebol. O objetivo do estudo é analisar os efeitos de uma paragem de 5 dias nas qualidades físicas de jogadores de futebol, em que os participantes foram avaliados em dois momentos, pré e pós interrupção, no que diz respeito à sua Composição Corporal, Força Máxima de Abdução e Adução da Coxa, Potência Muscular (Saltos Verticais) e Capacidade de Sprints Repetidos (Teste ‘RAST’). Verificaram-se diferenças significativas apenas na Capacidade de Sprints Repetidos, tendo o desempenho geral da equipa piorado, no tempo total de execução, na potência pico e na velocidade máxima atingida no teste ‘RAST’. As restantes avaliações parecem não ter sofrido alterações relevantes após o período de paragem. Uma compreensão mais profunda desta questão é fundamental para os treinadores e cientistas do desporto envolvidos no planeamento e operacionalização diária de sessões de treino, a fim de ajudar a selecionar e a sequenciar, de uma forma mais adequada, o conteúdo e intensidade do treino ao longo da época competitiva.
- Diferenças do perfil físico e aptidão funcional entre jogadores de futebol e futsalPublication . Santos, João; Santos, Francisco; Baeta Santos, Francisco José; Rúbio, Élvio; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Elvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Elvio RúbioO Futsal e o Futebol são dois desportos praticados a um ritmo elevado (Kartal, R. 2016). A evidência científica sugere que no futebol a intensidade média varia entre 80-90% da FCmáx e o VO2máx entre 50-75 ml·kg-1·min-1, no futsal a intensidade média varia entre 85-90% da FCmáx e os valores de VO2máx entre 50-55 ml·kg-1·min-1 (Leite, 2016). A intensidade de um jogo de futsal é mais elevada do que um jogo de futebol, tornando-se indispensável uma elevada capacidade anaeróbia e uma maior presença da força muscular (Vaeyens, Lenoir, Williams, & Philippaerts, 2007). O presente estudo passou por analisar as diferenças ao nível do perfil físico e aptidão funcional entre os jogadores destas modalidades nos parâmetros da composição corporal, força muscular, resistência aeróbia e equilíbrio. A amostra foi composta por 14 jogadores (21.8 anos, 174.2cm, 70.8kg) de futsal e 24 jogadores (20.7 anos, 173.5cm, 73.3kg) de futebol da equipa B do Club Sport Marítimo, durante a época 2022-2023. Os praticantes foram avaliados nas variáveis da composição corporal da composição corporal (Inbody 770), força muscular dos embros inferiores (Isocinético Biodex System Pro 4), força explosiva dos membros inferiores (Optojump Next), flexibilidade (teste do Sit and Reach), equilíbrio (Biodex Balance System) e resistência cardiorrespiratória (COSMED K5). Em termos de resultados, foram verificadas diferenças significativas ao nível da flexibilidade, força muscular máxima, força explosiva dos membros inferiores e somente numa das variáveis da composição corporal, nomeadamente o conteúdo de água intracelular. Em todos os parâmetros mencionados, os jogadores de futebol apresentaram valores mais elevados comparativamente aos de futsal. Por outro lado, não foram verificas diferenças significativas na aptidão cardiorrespiratória nem no equilíbrio. Através do presente estudo é possível concluir que apesar de todas as semelhanças existentes entre a modalidade de futebol e futsal, existem realmente algumas diferenças relativamente ao perfil físico dos seus praticantes.