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- Experiência flow em atividades de desporto de natureza na MadeiraPublication . Fernando, Catarina; Lopes, Hélder; Noite, João; Rodrigues, Ana; Alves, Ricardo; Prudente, João; Fernando, Catarina; Lopes, Helder; Rodrigues, Ana; Alves, Ricardo; Prudente, João Filipe; Noite Mendes, Joao ManuelThe goal of the present study is to characterize the Flow Experience in activities as Levadas, Hiking and Mountain Biking. We aim to analyse the differences between practitioners, on how they perceive their experience. A survey was applied, at the end of each activity. A sample of 449 individuals from 21 different countries was collected. From this sample 217 individuals were males and 232 females with an average age of 41.5 ± 16.1 years old. According to the results obtained in the joint analysis of activities, the natural space scale stands out, was the aspect most valued by practitioners. On the other hand, the motivation scale of the practitioners was the least valued aspect. On the demographic analysis, differences were found (p <0.05) regarding the profile of practitioners in the three activities. Mountain bikers stand out from the Levadas practitioners and the Hikers (p <0.05), being on average younger and in a greater proportion males. When comparing the three activities the description of the Flow experience is reported in a different way by the practitioners (p <0.05). Only in the natural scenario scale, no differences (p = 0.110) were verified. Overall, we consider that it is possible to conclude that this type of activities can provide the Flow experience and that the instrument used allows us to characterize it.
- Evolution of attack in handball when playing 7 vs. 6 with empty goal between 2020 and 2023: coaches’ perception vs. observational resultsPublication . Prudente, João Nunes; Cardoso, Américo Ramos; Rodrigues, Ana José; Mendes, João N.; Fernando, Catarina; Lopes, Hélder; Trejo-Silva, Alejandro; Sousa, Duarte Filipe; Prudente, João Filipe; Ramos Cardoso, Américo; Rodrigues, Ana; Noite Mendes, Joao Manuel; Fernando, Catarina; Lopes, Helder; Sousa, DuarteRecently, several studies on the 7 vs. 6 “empty goal” (EG) in handball have produced different and even contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavior of teams and players in the 7 vs. 6 EG attack in the European (Euro) and World Championships (WCh) between 2020 and 2023 and characterize the coaches’ perceptions.MethodsA mixed-methods approach was used, consisting of the following: (i) an observational methodology and instrument developed and validated to collect observational data on player and team behavior; and (ii) a developed and validated questionnaire to coaches on their perceptions of the 7 vs. 6 game. Observational data were collected during the Euro 2020 and 2022 games (n = 62) and the WCh 2021 and 2023 games (n = 70). A total of 132 games and 391 situations of 7 vs. 6 attacking sequences were observed. In total, 156 coaches participated (146 men), with a mean age 42.33 ± 11.87 years, 19 nationalities, and with 12.77 ± 9.45 years of experience.Results and discussionThe choice of 7 vs. 6 offensive play was mostly made in the second half (>73%). The effectiveness of 7 vs. 6 offensive sequences was higher in the top six teams than in the team's ranked 7th to 12th (Euro 2020 51.6%–50.0%; WCh 2021 52.0%–50.0%; Euro 2022 53.1%–41.7%; WCh 2023 50.0%–43.8%). Some patterns of association were found (p < 0.05 and with values >±1.96): (i) scoring a goal with a breakthrough shot was significantly associated with the effectiveness of the 7 vs. 6 attack (Euro 2020 2.61; WCh 2021 2.87; Euro 2022 2.68; WCh 2023 2.32); (ii) teams in the top six significantly used 7 vs. 6 when they were winning (Euro 2020 2.17; WCh 2021 3.52; Euro 2022 5.88; WCh 2023 2.54); and (iii) teams in the bottom six used it when they were losing by at least four goals (Euro 2020 7.56; Euro 2022 6.64; WCh 2023 4.37) or when they were winning by four goals or more (WCh 2021 2.58). Coaches that agree with the possibility of playing 7 vs. 6 (74.4%), rarely or never do so (55.6%) because it brings little or no advantage (52.6%). The results of the analysis confirmed the perception of the coaches, the low use of 7 vs. 6, the low advantage associated with it, and the influence of the result and the moment of the game on its use.