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- Biosystematics of the Genus Andryala L. (Asteraceae)Publication . Ferreira, Maria Zita; Sequeira, Miguel Pinto da Silva Menezes de; Álvarez Fernández, Inés; Fehrer, JudithAndryala (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) is a little-known Mediterranean-Macaronesian genus whose taxonomy is much in need of revision. The aim of the present biosystematic study was to elucidate species relationships within this genus based on morphological and molecular data. In this study several taxa are recognised: 17 species, 14 subspecies, and 3 hybrids. Among these, 5 species are Macaronesian endemics (A. glandulosa, A. sparsiflora, A. crithmifolia Aiton, A. pinnatifida, and A. perezii), 4 species are Northwest African endemics (A. mogadorensis, A. maroccana, A. chevallieri, and A. nigricans) and one species is endemic to Romania (A. laevitomentosa). Historical background regarding taxonomic delimitation in the genus is addressed from Linnaean to present day concepts, as well as the origin of the name Andryala. The origin of Asteraceae and the systematic position of Andryala is shortly summarised. The morphological study was based on a bibliographic review and the revision of 1066 specimens of 13 herbaria as well as additional material collected during fieldwork. The variability of the morphological characters of the genus, including both vegetative taxonomic characters (root, stem, leaf and indumentum characters) and reproductive ones (inflorescence, floret, fruit and pappus characters), is assessed. Numerical analysis of the morphological data was performed using different similarity or dissimilarity measures and coefficients, as well as ordination and clustering methods. Results support the segregation of the recognised taxa and the congruence of the several analyses in the separation of the recognised taxa (using quantitative, binary or multi-state characters). The proposed taxonomy for Andryala includes a new infra-generic classification, new taxa and new combinations and ranks, typifications and diagnostic keys (one for the species and several for subspecies). For each taxon a list of synonyms, typification comments and a detailed description are provided, just as comments on taxonomy and nomenclature, and a brief discussion on karyology. Additionally, information on ecology and conservation status as well as on distribution and a list of studied material are also presented. Phylogenetic analyses based on different nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers, using Bayesian and maximum parsimony methods of inference, were performed. Results support three main lineages: separate ones for the relict species A. agardhii and A. laevitomentosa and a third including the majority of the Andryala species that underwent a relatively rapid and recent speciation. They also suggest a single colonization event of Madeira and the Canary Islands from the Mediterranean region, followed by insular speciation. Biogeography and speciation within the genus are briefly discussed, including a proposal for the centre of origin of the genus and possible dispersal routes.
- Typification of names published by Schultz “Bipontinus” in the Andryala pinnatifida complex (Cichorieae, Asteraceae), from the Canary IslandsPublication . Ferreira, Maria Zita; Álvarez Fernández, Inés; Sequeira, Miguel Menezes de. Schultz “Bipontinus” (1805-1867) described, in the Histoire Naturelle des Îles Canaries published by Webb and Berthelot in 1849, several forms of the Andryala pinnatifida complex, endemic to the Canary Islands, based on plant material collected by E. Bourgeau and P. B. Webb. In order to facilitate a forthcoming taxonomic revision of this species complex, some of the names established by Schultz “Bipontinus” are here lectotypified based on protologue analysis and the examination of original material located at P and FI-W herbaria.
- Nomenclature and typification of names in the Ibero–North African Andryala arenaria (Asteraceae) and taxonomic implicationsPublication . Ferreira, Maria Zita; Álvarez, Inés; Sequeira, Miguel Menezes deA taxonomic and nomenclatural revision of the genus Andryala L. (Asteraceae) revealed that A. arenaria (DC.) Boiss. & Reut. var. ficalhoana (Daveau) Cout. had never been typified. Based on an analysis of the protologue and original material, a specimen at LY is designated here as the lectotype. The relevance of this typification resides in the fact that the recently de scribed A. cintrana S. Talavera & M. Talavera is here considered a heterotypic synonym of A. arenaria var. ficalhoana. In addition, A. cossyrensis Guss. var. oliga dena Maire & Weiller from Libya is here synonymized with A. arenaria var pinnatifida Lange ex Willk., leading to the extension of the known distribution area of A. arenaria.
- Andryala perezii(Asteraceae), a new species from the Canary IslandsPublication . Ferreira, Maria Zita; Álvarez Fernández, Inés; Jardim, Roberto; Sequeira, Miguel Menezes deAndryala perezii M. Z. Ferreira, R. Macaronesia and Romania (Greuter, 2006þ). In Jardim, Alv. Fern. & M. Seq. (Asteraceae), a new Macaronesia, Andryala is represented by A. integ species from the Canary Islands, is described and rifolia L. and A. laxiflora DC. and at least eight illustrated. Although formerly included in A. glan- endemic taxa distributed in the Canary and Madeira dulosa Lam., the new species differs remarkably from archipelagos (Jardim & Menezes de Sequeira, 2008; Madeiran populations by its woolly stellate pubes- Acebes Ginove´s et al., 2010). The Madeira Archi cence, scattered glandular pubescence restricted to pelago hosts A. integrifolia (recently introduced), A. the peduncles and involucral bracts, peduncles crithmifolia Aiton (a rare endemic), and A. glandu flattened and enlarged at the base of the capitula, losa Lam. (Press, 1994; Ferreira et al., 2011), the and smaller cypselae. Andryala perezii has a habit latter including A. glandulosa subsp. glandulosa and similar to that of the Canarian A. pinnatifida Aiton A. glandulosa subsp. cheiranthifolia (L’He´r.) Greuter. but may be identified by its densely stellate For the Canary Islands, Acebes Ginove´s et al. (2010) pubescence on the stems; grayish white or glaucous, recognized A. integrifolia (as probably native), A. congested leaves with dense stellate pubescence on laxiflora (as introduced), and two endemic species: A. both surfaces and undulate-crispate margins; longer webbii (Sch. Bip. ex Christ) A. Santos and A. peduncles; and smaller cypselae with a ring of short pinnatifida Aiton, the latter including four subspe teeth at the apex equivalent to the height of the cies: A. pinnatifida subsp. pinnatifida, A. pinnatifida prolongation of the ribs. Comments on the chromo- subsp. preauxiana (Sch. Bip.) G. Kunkel, A. some numbers, geographic distribution, habitat, and pinnatifida subsp. buchiana (Sch. Bip.) Reyes-Bet. conservation status are also presented. The name A. & A. Santos, and A. pinnatifida subsp. teydensis (Sch. pinnatifida Aiton f. cuneifolia Sch. Bip. is lectotypi- Bip.) Rivas-Mart., Wildpret, del Arco, O. Rodr., fied and is transferred in rank as A. pinnatifida Pe´rez de Pe´rez, Garcia´ Gallo, Acebes, T. E. D´ıaz & subsp. cuneifolia (Sch. Bip.) M. Z. Ferreira, R. Fern.-Gonz. Jardim, Alv. Fern. & M. Seq.; lectotypes are The Andryala populations on the eastern Canary designated for its synonyms, A. pinnatifida f. Islands (Lanzarote and Fuerteventura) were originally buchiana Sch. Bip. and A. pinnatifida var. latifolia included by Schultz Bipontinus (1849), together with Bornm. The name A. pinnatifida is also lectotypified. populations from Tenerife, as the form A. pinnatifida A key for Macaronesian Andryala L. taxa is provided.