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- Analyzing the influence of playing time and partial score on the tactical behavior in the duel 2 vs 2 in the offensive process in handball, using the polar coordinates techniquePublication . Prudente, João; Sousa, Duarte; Sequeira, Pedro; López-López, José Antonio; Hernández-Mendo, Antonio; Prudente, João Filipe; Sousa, Duarte<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Different studies have referred that the playing time and partial score, as well as the interaction between these two influences the behaviors of players and teams. With this study we intended to realize the complex reality of tactical behavior in the attack in Men´s European Cup, by detecting behavior patterns and linking them to playing time and partial score.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">We used the observational methodology and for data analysis we used the polar coordinates. An instrument of observation has been constructed <em>ad hoc</em> and validated. The tool optimization included the quality data control, using the analysis of intra and inter observer reliability by Cohen's Kappa index (range between .85 and 1), beyond the application of generalizability analysis (G indexes are suitable for all models estimated) confirming the instrument reliability. The sample contained all of 2<em>vs</em>2 situations that occurred during the organized offensive process in numerical equality 6<em>vs</em>6, in sixteen games (n = 390). </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">As main results we can refer that the playing time influenced the decision-making in relation to the tactical means used, excepting the last ten minutes, where no patterns were found. The results also show that there are fewer behavior patterns when the score is a draw.</span></p>
- Analysis of the influence of the numerical relation in handball during an organized attack, specifically the tactical behavior of the center backPublication . Prudente, João Nunes; Cardoso, Américo Ramos; Rodrigues, Ana José; Sousa, Duarte Filipe; Prudente, João Filipe; Ramos Cardoso, Américo; Rodrigues, Ana; Sousa, DuarteIn the last decades, observational methodology has been widely used in scientific research in sport, namely in the study of team games like handball, due to its characteristics. Handball, in addition to being a collective, complex, dynamic, and interactive sport, has its own characteristics and demands a performance analysis that takes into account the context and interaction between different factors and variables. The present study analyzes how the different numerical relations in an attack can change the center back’s patterns of tactical behavior. Observational methodology and a mixed ad hoc instrument combining field format and category systems appropriately validated by experts were used. Data were taken from 20 matches involving teams classified in the first four places in the 2017 Men’s World Championship. These were recorded from TV broadcasts, and the total number of offensive sequences carried out in an organized attack game method (n = 990) was analyzed. In each of the sequences carried out in an organized attack, the numerical relation in attack or defense was observed and recorded. In addition to this, it was verified whether the attacking team maintained or replaced the goalkeeper by a field player in the attack. Both sequential analysis techniques with lags, prospective, and retrospective, as well as polar coordinate analysis, were used. Results have shown that there are different behavioral patterns of the center back in the three different situations of numerical relation. Another element that stood out was that in numerical equality with the defense and no goalkeeper at the goal, the center back opted for greater security and less risk of loss of the ball.
- Fair play: the perception of the young handball players on the parent´s behaviorPublication . Sousa, Duarte; Cardoso, Américo; Ramos Cardoso, Américo; Rodrigues, Ana; Noite, João; Lopes, Helder; Lopes, Helder; Fernando, Catarina; Prudente, João; Prudente, João FilipeIn recent years, the deviant and negative behaviours of parents during follow-up in their children's sports practice have reached alarming proportions in various sports. This increase may be associated with greater participation of parents, both in the presence in games and in training. With this study, we intend to assess the perception of the athletes about the behaviour of the parents in the sports context, namely in relation to fair play. The sample consisted of young handball players from the Madeira Handball Association, aged 9- 16 years of both genders (n = 284, male n = 122, female n = 162) registered by ten clubs and with a minimum of one year of organized sports practice. For the data collection, a questionnaire previously constructed and duly validated was used. In this study were used descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), chi square and Spearman correlations. The statistical program used was SPSS v.25.0 and the level of significance was 5%.The results confirm that the athletes consider positive the presence of their parents, however, the results point to a perception of inadequate behaviours of the parents regarding the referees, mainly by the boys. It was found that the younger the athletes are the greater is the perception of the enthusiastic support of the parents, the greater the volume of instructions to the field, and the perception of a greater emotional discontent of the parents in relation to the problems and incidents of the game and training.
- The athlete’s perception of parents behaviors in sport context: a study in youth handball players of the Madeira Handball AssociationPublication . Sousa, Duarte; Sousa, Duarte; Cardoso, Américo; Ramos Cardoso, Américo; Rodrigues, Ana; Rodrigues, Ana; Noite, João; Lopes, Helder; Fernando, Catarina; Fernando, Catarina; Prudente, João; Prudente, João FilipeThe participation of parents in their children's sports is very important. However, many parents end up having negative and deviant behaviours in sports and social context, generating this participation some controversy and misunderstandings. With this study, we intend to assess the perception of the athletes about the behaviour of the parents in the sport context, considering the demographic characteristics of the athletes (gender and age). The sample is composed by young handball players from the Madeira Handball Association, aged 9-16 years of both sexes (n=284, male n=122, female n=162) registered by ten clubs and with a minimum of one year of organized sports practice. For the collection of data, a questionnaire previously constructed and duly validated was used. The results confirm the perception of the role of parents in supporting their children 's sports practices, as well as motivating them for the sport. There is also a perception of the young players of a pressure exerted by the parents in obtaining immediate results and little appreciation of the progress of learning.
- Evolution of attack in handball when playing 7 vs. 6 with empty goal between 2020 and 2023: coaches’ perception vs. observational resultsPublication . Prudente, João Nunes; Cardoso, Américo Ramos; Rodrigues, Ana José; Mendes, João N.; Fernando, Catarina; Lopes, Hélder; Trejo-Silva, Alejandro; Sousa, Duarte Filipe; Prudente, João Filipe; Ramos Cardoso, Américo; Rodrigues, Ana; Noite Mendes, Joao Manuel; Fernando, Catarina; Lopes, Helder; Sousa, DuarteRecently, several studies on the 7 vs. 6 “empty goal” (EG) in handball have produced different and even contradictory results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavior of teams and players in the 7 vs. 6 EG attack in the European (Euro) and World Championships (WCh) between 2020 and 2023 and characterize the coaches’ perceptions.MethodsA mixed-methods approach was used, consisting of the following: (i) an observational methodology and instrument developed and validated to collect observational data on player and team behavior; and (ii) a developed and validated questionnaire to coaches on their perceptions of the 7 vs. 6 game. Observational data were collected during the Euro 2020 and 2022 games (n = 62) and the WCh 2021 and 2023 games (n = 70). A total of 132 games and 391 situations of 7 vs. 6 attacking sequences were observed. In total, 156 coaches participated (146 men), with a mean age 42.33 ± 11.87 years, 19 nationalities, and with 12.77 ± 9.45 years of experience.Results and discussionThe choice of 7 vs. 6 offensive play was mostly made in the second half (>73%). The effectiveness of 7 vs. 6 offensive sequences was higher in the top six teams than in the team's ranked 7th to 12th (Euro 2020 51.6%–50.0%; WCh 2021 52.0%–50.0%; Euro 2022 53.1%–41.7%; WCh 2023 50.0%–43.8%). Some patterns of association were found (p < 0.05 and with values >±1.96): (i) scoring a goal with a breakthrough shot was significantly associated with the effectiveness of the 7 vs. 6 attack (Euro 2020 2.61; WCh 2021 2.87; Euro 2022 2.68; WCh 2023 2.32); (ii) teams in the top six significantly used 7 vs. 6 when they were winning (Euro 2020 2.17; WCh 2021 3.52; Euro 2022 5.88; WCh 2023 2.54); and (iii) teams in the bottom six used it when they were losing by at least four goals (Euro 2020 7.56; Euro 2022 6.64; WCh 2023 4.37) or when they were winning by four goals or more (WCh 2021 2.58). Coaches that agree with the possibility of playing 7 vs. 6 (74.4%), rarely or never do so (55.6%) because it brings little or no advantage (52.6%). The results of the analysis confirmed the perception of the coaches, the low use of 7 vs. 6, the low advantage associated with it, and the influence of the result and the moment of the game on its use.