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- Impacto econômico da inoperacionalidade do Aeroporto Internacional da Madeira – Cristiano RonaldoPublication . Machado, Luiz Pinto; Almeida, António; Camacho, Élvio; Teles, Susana
- Turismo e mono indústria, a emergência da mudança - O caso da Ilha do Porto Santo - Contributo para a recuperação da economia das ilhasPublication . Machado, Luiz Pinto; Almeida, António
- Overtourism: the Impact of tourism on Madeira’s social and economic environmentPublication . Majdak, Piotr; Mosz, Jakub; Almeida, António Manuel Martins deThe main goal of the analyses presented in the article is to identify the phenomena and consequences concomitant with the phenomenon of overtourism in the economic (with particular emphasis on energy) and social dimensions, regarding the Portuguese island of Madeira. The starting point for considerations includes a review of the issues that define the theoretical framework of “excessive tourism”, as well as a discussion of the most important determinants of the socio-economic development of Madeira. Then, the results of own research are presented, including the original analysis of existing data on electricity production, population growth and the number of overnight stays, as well as the results of a survey conducted in April 20211 , among both permanent residents and tourists visiting the island. The obtained results indicate, among others, that for each increase in the number of overnight stays by 1%, the production of electricity increases by 0.597%; and for every 1% increase in the number of inhabitants, there is a 5.617% increase in electricity production. At the same time, the data on the number of inhabitants indicates a population growth rate close to zero, and thus a higher level of consumption will come from the tourist sector. Based on the results of the survey, key problem areas have been identified (including, for example, issues related to the sense of local identity, security or relations between tourists and residents). The volume of tourist traffic has also been assessed, and a number of reflections and recommendations have been formulated to limit the negative effects of “excessive tourism”.
- Pre-emptively managing overtourism by promoting rural tourism in low-density areas: lessons from MadeiraPublication . Majdak, Piotr; Almeida, António Manuel Martins deOvertourism refers not only to situations in which carrying capacity levels have been exceeded, but also to those in which tourists and residents share negative feelings of discomfort and other emotions, loss of quality of life and unpleasant experiences in their activities of daily life. The growing number of places struggling with the problem of overtourism suggests that brand new approaches are required to minimize the effects of excessive tourism. However, the impacts of overtourism are place-specific and a one-size-fits-all approach is inappropriate. Many destinations still have a considerable margin to manoeuvre but are nonetheless heading towards increasingly unsustainable levels of tourists per square kilometer. Such regions have time to take some pre emptive measures based on principles of sustainable development using greener and energy-saving technologies. Over the past few decades, degrowth has arisen as an unorthodox approach based on principles of fairness and social and environmental justice. In certain areas, such as island economies, the economic dynamics remain largely dependent on the tourism sector, which forces the local actors to think and act differently. In this study, we analyze the strategies employed by Madeira to counter the negative effects of oversaturation in a pre-emptive way. The findings of this case study, based on the data at the county level, are enhanced by a panel data analysis of a number of relevant explanatory variables explaining the dispersion of tourists to the rural hinterland. The results suggest that the development of the rural hinterland has proven capable of exerting a progressively positive influence well beyond the borders of the rural hinterland by accommodating a growing share of the increasing numbers of tourists welcomed in the region in the 2002–2019 period, at the expense of the main capital city. This study confirms the importance and potential of the development of the rural hinterland to tackle overtourism in the main tourism areas. In terms of recommendations, it is suggested that local operators and policy-makers must develop efforts to research new ways to adopt energy-saving projects and develop tourisms products that incorporate eco-friendly behaviors.
- Factors explaining length of stay: Lessons to be learnt from Madeira IslandPublication . Almeida, António; Machado, Luiz Pinto; Xu, ChenThe length of stay for tourists is shrinking for traditional tourism destinations, with tourists instead opting for short breaks to multiple destinations. The reasons for these changes include the increasing number of low cost airlines re duces the cost per journey, alongside heightened disposable income and strong marketing strategies by competing des tinations. Madeira Island is well placed in this study as it faces a typical issue of declining length of stay, meanwhile acquires rich data in carrying out thorough analyses in the factors that explain length of stay in Madeira Island Portugal by five different econometric approaches, further policy implications of the research findings, particularly those that could potentially prove useful to increase the length of stay, are also discussed.
- Rural development and rural tourism: the impact of infrastructure investmentsPublication . Almeida, António; Machado, Luiz PintoRural and peripheral development is still a matter of concern in several western countries. Depopulation, low density of business activities, younger people emigra tion and better-qualified individuals feeling that such regions have been abandoned by the government, and incapable of moving on, are among the key indicators to “understand” rural and peripheral areas. Rural tourism has long been understood as an effective catalyst of change in depressed and deprived (of entrepreneurial capacity) areas and to explore a unique set of amenities. Because of funds directed to help private investment projects in rural tourism facilities, most peripheral areas are now relatively well endowed with key infrastructures. Nevertheless, the tourism lead approach produced mixed results due to low levels of demand in some areas and lack of a cooperative behavior among providers to maximize the opportunities offered by the wide range of attractions. In this paper, we investigate to what extent investments in infrastructure helped the rural tourism sector to attract more visi tors in Madeira. Based on the panel-data approach, this paper provides insights to analyze the development path of rural tourism in Madeira and to explores how local policy makers may be the “missing link” needed to improve the sector prospects based on tangible and intangible amenities.