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- Organic farming enhances diversity and recruits beneficial soil fungal groups in traditional banana plantationsPublication . Oliveira, Maria Cristina O.; Alves, Artur; Ragonezi, Carla; Freitas, José G. R. de; Carvalho, Miguel A. A. Pinheiro de; Oliveira, Cristina; Ragonezi, Carla; Almeida Pinheiro de Carvalho, Miguel AngeloThis study investigates the impact of organic (OF) and conventional farming (CF) on soil fungal communities in banana monoculture plantations on Madeira Island. We hypothesized that OF promotes beneficial fungal groups over harmful ones, sustaining soil health. Soil samples were collected from six plantations (three OF and three CF) for ITS amplicon sequencing to assess fungal diversity. Results showed that OF significantly enhanced fungal alpha-diversity (Shannon–Wiener index) and Evenness. The phylum Ascomycota dominated OF systems, while Basidiomycota prevailed in CF. Mortierella, a beneficial genus, was abundant in OF and is observed in CF but was less evident, being the genus Trechispora the most well represented in CF agrosystems. Additionally, OF was associated with higher soil pH and Mg levels, which correlated positively with beneficial fungal groups. Functional analysis revealed that OF promoted saprotrophic fungi, crucial for the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling. However, both systems exhibited low levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, likely due to high phosphorus levels. These findings suggest that organic practices can enhance soil fungal diversity and health, although attention to nutrient management is critical to further improving soil–plant–fungi interactions.
- Inhibitory activity of the peel and seed of Annona cherimola Mill. against Fusarium and Aspergillus pathogensPublication . Trindade, Clarissa; Gouveia, Carla S .S.; Oliveira, Maria Cristina O.; Nóbrega, Humberto; Freitas, José G. R. de; Carvalho, Miguel A. A. Pinheiro de; Gouveia, Carla; Oliveira, Cristina; Nóbrega, Humberto; Almeida Pinheiro de Carvalho, Miguel AngeloThe food industry plays a critical role in waste production, and new studies that propose innovative uses to bio-residue are of high importance. Annona cherimola Mill., also known as custard apple and cherimoya, has been described as a powerful source of bioactive compounds with various applications, such as antifungal applications. Fungal infection can lead to crop productivity limitation, product contamination, and food loss. This work evaluates the antifungal action of Annona cherimola Mill. oils against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. The oils were extracted from peel and seeds of 8 different A. cherimola varieties exclusive to Madeira Island (Portugal) and tested for their antifungal potential. This fruit waste was tested, using two different growth measurement methods. The extracted oils restricted the fungi growth, providing the first insights on antifungal properties of the varieties waste. Between the tested tissues, peel oils exhibited a slight better action over F. oxysporum than seed oils. Overall colony expansion of F. oxysporum was better controlled by custard apple oils than A. niger. Anis exhibited distinctive action against A. niger and Funchal, Perry Vidal, Matteus, and Dona Mécia controlled better F. oxysporum growth, suggesting phytochemical differences between them. There is no previous research on the biowaste oil extracts from Annona varieties found in Madeira Island and their properties against pathogens. This study successfully opened new insights on these varieties and the results exposed interesting properties that deserve further research.