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O envolvimento parental no desporto juvenil é crucial para o desenvolvimento dos jovens.
Este estudo teve como objetivos: (1) identificar as motivações e formas de envolvimento
parental, (2) examinar as perceções de atletas e pais sobre o envolvimento no basquetebol
juvenil português, e (3) verificar como essas perceções diferem por sexo, escalão etário e
prática desportiva dos pais. Um total de 423 participantes portugueses (151 jovens
jogadores entre os 11 e 18 anos e 272 pais) respondeu ao Questionário de
Comportamentos Parentais no Desporto (QCPD). O QCPD, com versões para pais e
atletas, avalia cinco dimensões: apoio desportivo, acompanhamento competitivo,
influência técnica, pressão para o rendimento e expectativas desportivas. Na comparação
geral (variável sexo), pais e atletas apresentaram diferenças significativas em todas as
dimensões do QCPD, exceto na pressão para o rendimento. As diferenças foram notáveis
no acompanhamento competitivo (p = 0.023), influência técnica (p ≤ 0.001) e
expectativas desportivas (p = 0.023). Relativamente ao sexo, não houve diferenças
significativas entre rapazes e raparigas atletas. Contudo, entre o grupo dos pais, os pais
pontuaram significativamente menos que as mães em expectativas desportivas (p =
0.001). Nas análises por par, rapazes-pais mostraram diferenças em influência técnica (p
= 0.035), pressão para o rendimento (p = 0.020) e expectativas desportivas (p < 0.001).
Para raparigas-mães, a diferença foi apenas na influência técnica (p = 0.005). A influência
técnica correlacionou-se positivamente com a pressão para o rendimento (r = 0.351, p <
0.001) e expectativas desportivas (r = 0.367, p < 0.001). A análise por escalão etário
identificou menor acompanhamento competitivo no grupo Sub18 e maiores expectativas
desportivas no grupo Sub12. Quanto à prática desportiva prévia dos pais, 154 (56.6%)
tinham experiência. Embora sem diferenças significativas, pais sem histórico desportivo
tenderam a reportar maior pressão para o rendimento e expectativas desportivas. Anos de
experiência dos pais correlacionaram-se negativamente com pressão para o rendimento
(r = −0.155, p = 0.013) e expectativas desportivas (r = −0.149, p = 0.01). Estes resultados
realçam a importância de alinhar sempre o envolvimento parental com as experiências
das crianças para promover bem-estar, reduzir a pressão e apoiar a continuidade no
desporto. Sublinham a necessidade de considerar as diferenças de perceção por sexo e
papel (atleta ou pai) na criação de programas de educação parental.
Parental involvement in youth sports is crucial for young people's development. This study aimed to: (1) identify the motivations and forms of parental involvement, (2) examine the perceptions of athletes and parents about involvement in Portuguese youth basketball, and (3) verify how these perceptions differ by gender, age group, and parents' sports practice. A total of 423 participants (151 youth players and 272 parents) completed the Parental Behaviors in Sports (PBSP) questionnaire. The PBSP includes separate versions for parents and athletes, each assessing five key dimensions: (1) sports support, (2) competition attendance, (3) technical influence, (4) performance pressure, and (5) sports expectations. In the overall comparison (gender variable), parents and athletes showed significant differences in all dimensions of the PBSP, except for performance pressure. The differences were notable in sports support (p = 0.023), technical influence (p ≤ 0.001), and sports expectations (p = 0.023). Regarding gender, there were no significant differences between male and female athletes. However, among the parent group, fathers scored significantly lower than mothers in sports expectations (p = 0.001). In the pair analyses, boys-fathers showed differences in technical influence (p = 0.035), performance pressure (p = 0.020), and sports expectations (p < 0.001). For girls-mothers, the difference was only in technical influence (p = 0.005). Technical influence correlated positively with performance pressure (r = 0.351, p < 0.001) and sports expectations (r = 0.367, p < 0.001). Analysis by age group identified less sports supporting the U18 group and higher sports expectations in the U12 group. Regarding parents' previous sporting experience, 154 (56.6%) had experience. Although not significant, parents with no sporting history tended to report greater performance pressure and sports expectations. Years of parental experience were negatively correlated with performance pressure (r = −0.155, p = 0.013) and sports expectations (r = −0.149, p = 0.01). These results highlight the importance of always aligning parental involvement with children's experiences to promote well-being, reduce pressure, and support continuity in sports. They underscore the need to consider differences in perception by gender and role (athlete or parent) when creating parental education programs.
Parental involvement in youth sports is crucial for young people's development. This study aimed to: (1) identify the motivations and forms of parental involvement, (2) examine the perceptions of athletes and parents about involvement in Portuguese youth basketball, and (3) verify how these perceptions differ by gender, age group, and parents' sports practice. A total of 423 participants (151 youth players and 272 parents) completed the Parental Behaviors in Sports (PBSP) questionnaire. The PBSP includes separate versions for parents and athletes, each assessing five key dimensions: (1) sports support, (2) competition attendance, (3) technical influence, (4) performance pressure, and (5) sports expectations. In the overall comparison (gender variable), parents and athletes showed significant differences in all dimensions of the PBSP, except for performance pressure. The differences were notable in sports support (p = 0.023), technical influence (p ≤ 0.001), and sports expectations (p = 0.023). Regarding gender, there were no significant differences between male and female athletes. However, among the parent group, fathers scored significantly lower than mothers in sports expectations (p = 0.001). In the pair analyses, boys-fathers showed differences in technical influence (p = 0.035), performance pressure (p = 0.020), and sports expectations (p < 0.001). For girls-mothers, the difference was only in technical influence (p = 0.005). Technical influence correlated positively with performance pressure (r = 0.351, p < 0.001) and sports expectations (r = 0.367, p < 0.001). Analysis by age group identified less sports supporting the U18 group and higher sports expectations in the U12 group. Regarding parents' previous sporting experience, 154 (56.6%) had experience. Although not significant, parents with no sporting history tended to report greater performance pressure and sports expectations. Years of parental experience were negatively correlated with performance pressure (r = −0.155, p = 0.013) and sports expectations (r = −0.149, p = 0.01). These results highlight the importance of always aligning parental involvement with children's experiences to promote well-being, reduce pressure, and support continuity in sports. They underscore the need to consider differences in perception by gender and role (athlete or parent) when creating parental education programs.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Envolvimento parental Expectativas desportivas Pressão para o rendimento Competição Apoio Desporto juvenil Basquetebol Parental involvement Sports expectations Performance pressure Competition Support Youth sport Atividade Física e Desporto . Faculdade de Ciências Sociais