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Simulação e desenvolvimento de um sistema de carregamento de veículos elétricos com energia solar
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 5.95 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A falta de postos de carregamento em prédios habitacionais e moradias, aliada ao
crescimento dos veículos elétricos, exige repensar as estruturas de carregamento.
Estas podem ser compostas por fontes renováveis, permitindo o carregamento de
vários veículos elétricos com menor dependência da rede elétrica.
Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se um sistema de carregamento de veículos elétricos com
energia solar fotovoltaica e algoritmos de gestão de energia, possibilitando o
carregamento tanto com energia dos painéis fotovoltaicos quanto da rede elétrica.
A escolha dos componentes e algoritmos foi baseada numa revisão bibliográfica,
indicando que o sistema deve incluir um conversor DC/AC para conectar os painéis à
rede elétrica e carregadores de veículos elétricos, compostos por um conversor AC/DC
e um conversor DC/DC redutor. Para os algoritmos desenvolvidas três soluções de
algoritmos: o Power Sharing, que divide a potência dos painéis entre os veículos; um
que prioriza os veículos com menor estado de carga (SOC); e outro que distribui a
potência conforme o tempo de carregamento e o SOC.
Aplicou-se o sistema de carregamento desenvolvido ao software de simulação Matlab,
começando por testar individualmente os controlos de corrente e tensão de cada um
dos conversores e do controlo MPPT aplicado ao conversor DC/AC, posteriormente
testou-se o sistema de carregamento completo para observar o comportamento do
mesmo em regime transitório e em regime permanente.
A simulação mostrou que o algoritmo Power Sharing fornece mais energia aos veículos,
aumentando o consumo da rede elétrica quando a radiação solar é baixa, permitindo
atingir um maior SOC. O algoritmo que prioriza veículos com menor SOC consome
menos energia da rede, resultando num SOC menor comparado aos outros algoritmos.
Concluiu-se que, para adotar este sistema na prática, é imperativo instalar uma
potência fotovoltaica de 7,4 kW por cada carregador de veículo elétrico.
The lack of charging stations in residential buildings and houses, coupled with the growth of electric vehicles, requires rethinking charging structures. These can be composed of renewable sources, allowing the charging of multiple electric vehicles with less dependence on the electrical grid. In this work, a system for charging electric vehicles with photovoltaic solar energy and energy management algorithms was developed, enabling charging with both photovoltaic panel energy and grid electricity. The choice of components and algorithms was based on a literature review, indicating that the system should include a DC/AC converter to connect the panels to the electrical grid and electric vehicle chargers, consisting of an AC/DC converter and a step-down DC/DC converter. Three algorithm solutions were developed: Power Sharing, which divides the power from the panels among the vehicles; one that prioritises vehicles with a lower state of charge (SOC); and another that distributes power according to charging time and SOC. The developed charging system was applied to Matlab simulation software, starting with individual tests of the current and voltage controls of each converter and the MPPT control applied to the DC/AC converter. Subsequently, the complete charging system was tested to observe its behaviour in both transient and steady-state regimes. The simulation showed that the Power Sharing algorithm provides more energy to the vehicles, increasing grid consumption when solar radiation is low, allowing for a higher SOC. The algorithm that prioritises vehicles with a lower SOC consumes less grid energy, resulting in a lower SOC compared to the other algorithms. It was concluded that, to adopt this system in practice, it is imperative to install a photovoltaic power of 7.4 kW per electric vehicle charger.
The lack of charging stations in residential buildings and houses, coupled with the growth of electric vehicles, requires rethinking charging structures. These can be composed of renewable sources, allowing the charging of multiple electric vehicles with less dependence on the electrical grid. In this work, a system for charging electric vehicles with photovoltaic solar energy and energy management algorithms was developed, enabling charging with both photovoltaic panel energy and grid electricity. The choice of components and algorithms was based on a literature review, indicating that the system should include a DC/AC converter to connect the panels to the electrical grid and electric vehicle chargers, consisting of an AC/DC converter and a step-down DC/DC converter. Three algorithm solutions were developed: Power Sharing, which divides the power from the panels among the vehicles; one that prioritises vehicles with a lower state of charge (SOC); and another that distributes power according to charging time and SOC. The developed charging system was applied to Matlab simulation software, starting with individual tests of the current and voltage controls of each converter and the MPPT control applied to the DC/AC converter. Subsequently, the complete charging system was tested to observe its behaviour in both transient and steady-state regimes. The simulation showed that the Power Sharing algorithm provides more energy to the vehicles, increasing grid consumption when solar radiation is low, allowing for a higher SOC. The algorithm that prioritises vehicles with a lower SOC consumes less grid energy, resulting in a lower SOC compared to the other algorithms. It was concluded that, to adopt this system in practice, it is imperative to install a photovoltaic power of 7.4 kW per electric vehicle charger.
Description
Keywords
Veículos elétricos Energia solar fotovoltaica Carregamento Algoritmos e viabilidade económica Eletric vehicles Solar energy Charging Algorithm and economic viability Engenharia Eletrotécnica-Telecomunicações . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia