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Concessão de projeto e gestão otimizada de um sistema de rega: aplicação à RAM
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| 7.36 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Devido ao aumento das temperaturas no planeta e com consequente redução de água própria para a agricultura, urge a preocupação do estudo de sistemas de rega, desde a concessão de projeto à gestão otimizada do mesmo. Assim sendo, e como a ilha da Madeira não é alheia a este problema que advém das alterações climáticas será estudado um caso prático nesta ilha, pretende-se controlar as perdas de água durante todo o sistema, procurando sempre ter em atenção a preocupação económica das soluções propostas / existentes.
A priori, foram abordados os fatores históricos de desenvolvimento da prática do cultivo, assim como a transição e evolução dos sistemas de rega implementados ao longo da história. Além disto, efetuou-se a análise de recursos hídricos presentes, assim como a caracterização territorial da ilha da Madeira.
Neste contexto, analisou-se também as necessidades hídricas das plantações ao longo da exploração para poder prever o volume de armazenamento necessário. Esta análise teve como base uma vasta revisão bibliográfica referente aos três cultivos apresentados nesta dissertação: Proteas, Tomateiro e Physalis.
Também foi verificada toda a componente técnica dos equipamentos utilizados, consultando para tal fichas técnicas e a documentação fornecida pelos fabricantes, para poder classificar os tipos de investimentos e sua viabilidade económica ao longo do tempo.
A posteriori, abordou-se todas as variáveis necessárias ao dimensionamento hidráulico do sistema de rega de uma exploração agrícola na ilha da Madeira, especificamente o concelho de Santa Cruz (Santo António da Serra). Para a correta avaliação do sistema, foi realizada uma análise hidráulica teórica e o comparativo com o sistema de rega existente, a fim de comparar os resultados expectáveis.
Assim, procedeu-se ao comparativo dos valores teóricos calculados com base em um sistema de rega proposto com o sistema existente, o qual foi verificado in situ. O comparativo foi elaborado em duas hipóteses pré determinadas, onde verificou-se o ganho de eficiência das eletrobombas, redução de consumo elétrico e controlo de caudal por um emissor gota a gota.
Por fim, optou-se também pela análise de consumo hídrico baseado na substituição do cultivo policultura pelo cultivo monocultura das três práticas agrícolas abordadas nesta dissertação. Este comparativo foi efetuado de forma a estabelecer a prática agrícola que apresentará o maior consumo hídrico, o que não sugere maior lucratividade por apenas redução de custos, uma vez que o lucro está atrelado a outras leis de mercado como a necessidade, oferta e preço de venda.
Due to the increasing temperatures on the planet and consequent reduction of water suitable for agriculture, there is the concern of studying irrigation systems, from the granting of the project to its optimized management. Therefore, and since Madeira is not unaware of such climate change problem, a practical case study will be studied on this island. The aim is to control water losses throughout the system, always seeking to take into account the economic concerns of proposed / existing solutions. First, the historical factors of the development of the cultivation practice were approached, as well as the transition and evolution of the irrigation systems implemented throughout the history. In addition, the present water resources were analyzed, as well as the territorial characterization of the island of Madeira. In this context, the water needs of the plantations throughout the farm were also analyzed in order to predict the required storage volume. This analysis was based on a vast bibliographic review referring to the three crops presented in this thesis: Proteas, Tomato and Physalis. Also, the whole technical component of the equipment used was also verified, consulting the datasheets and documentation provided by the manufacturers in order to classify the type of investments and their economic viability over time. Subsequently, all the variables necessary for the hydraulic sizing of the irrigation system of a farm on the island of Madeira, specifically the municipality of Santa Cruz (Santo António da Serra), were addressed. For the correct evaluation of the system, a theoretical hydraulic analysis was performed and the comparative with the existing irrigation system in order to compare the expected results. Thus, we proceeded to the comparison of the theoretical values calculated based on a proposed irrigation system with the existing system, which was verified in situ. The comparison was made in two predetermined hypotheses, where it was verified the efficiency increase of the electric pumps, reduction of electric consumption and flow control by a drip emitter. Finally, it was also decided to analyze water consumption based on the replacement of polyculture cultivation by monoculture cultivation of the three agricultural practices addressed in this thesis. This comparison was made in order to establish the agricultural practice that will present the highest water consumption, which does not suggest greater profitability for just cost reduction, since profit is linked to other law of market such as demand, supply and selling price.
Due to the increasing temperatures on the planet and consequent reduction of water suitable for agriculture, there is the concern of studying irrigation systems, from the granting of the project to its optimized management. Therefore, and since Madeira is not unaware of such climate change problem, a practical case study will be studied on this island. The aim is to control water losses throughout the system, always seeking to take into account the economic concerns of proposed / existing solutions. First, the historical factors of the development of the cultivation practice were approached, as well as the transition and evolution of the irrigation systems implemented throughout the history. In addition, the present water resources were analyzed, as well as the territorial characterization of the island of Madeira. In this context, the water needs of the plantations throughout the farm were also analyzed in order to predict the required storage volume. This analysis was based on a vast bibliographic review referring to the three crops presented in this thesis: Proteas, Tomato and Physalis. Also, the whole technical component of the equipment used was also verified, consulting the datasheets and documentation provided by the manufacturers in order to classify the type of investments and their economic viability over time. Subsequently, all the variables necessary for the hydraulic sizing of the irrigation system of a farm on the island of Madeira, specifically the municipality of Santa Cruz (Santo António da Serra), were addressed. For the correct evaluation of the system, a theoretical hydraulic analysis was performed and the comparative with the existing irrigation system in order to compare the expected results. Thus, we proceeded to the comparison of the theoretical values calculated based on a proposed irrigation system with the existing system, which was verified in situ. The comparison was made in two predetermined hypotheses, where it was verified the efficiency increase of the electric pumps, reduction of electric consumption and flow control by a drip emitter. Finally, it was also decided to analyze water consumption based on the replacement of polyculture cultivation by monoculture cultivation of the three agricultural practices addressed in this thesis. This comparison was made in order to establish the agricultural practice that will present the highest water consumption, which does not suggest greater profitability for just cost reduction, since profit is linked to other law of market such as demand, supply and selling price.
Description
Keywords
Agricultura Análise hidráulica Rede de drenagem pluvial Sistemas de rega Volume de armazenamento Madeira (Portugal) Agriculture Hydraulic analysis Rainwater drainage Irrigation systems Storage volume Engenharia Civil . Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia