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Resumo(s)
Em meados do século XIX, as repartições administrativas da maioria dos
estados-nação europeus tentaram munir-se de um sistema-padrão capaz de reconhecer
e de monopolizar os seus cidadãos, numa era em que os fluxos migratórios
aumentaram exponencialmente. Nesta senda, as guias de passaporte parecem ter
concretizado o seu objetivo – o de identificar os indivíduos que solicitavam deslocarse –, dado constituírem o início do processo de emigração legal. As concessões de
passaporte, outorgadas entre 1851 e 1861 por regedores e demais funcionários públicos
na ilha da Madeira, são exemplo da necessidade de o Estado verificar quem, como e
por que motivos os madeirenses requereram passaporte. A análise estatísticodescritiva destes solicitantes permitirá, assim, descortinar o seu perfil socioeconómico,
os destinos onde pretendiam estabelecer-se – a maioria com o seu núcleo familiar – e
as relações sociopolíticas e financeiras que manteriam o fluxo (e)migratório elevado,
precisamente num momento demarcado por crises agrícolas e de fome, epidemias,
catástrofes naturais e pobreza, cujos regime de propriedade, pressão demográfica,
desemprego e estagnação do estatuto social agravaram a subsistência da maioria da
população insulana.
In the mid-nineteenth-century, the administrative offices of most European Nation-states tried to provide themselves with a standardized system for the identification and control of their citizens, in a time when transoceanic migration’s flow reached its peak. Therefore, passport-granting approach seemed to achieve their purpose – to attest the candidates’ identity – as they initiated the legal emigration process. In Madeira’s case, as in Portugal, the passport-granting system was primarily held by the parish council’s chairmen that certified who, how and why an individual required that particular document, especially in a decade (1851-1861) struck by famine, epidemics, poverty, demographic growth, unemployment, among other circumstances, that worsened the provisions for survival of the majority of the population.
In the mid-nineteenth-century, the administrative offices of most European Nation-states tried to provide themselves with a standardized system for the identification and control of their citizens, in a time when transoceanic migration’s flow reached its peak. Therefore, passport-granting approach seemed to achieve their purpose – to attest the candidates’ identity – as they initiated the legal emigration process. In Madeira’s case, as in Portugal, the passport-granting system was primarily held by the parish council’s chairmen that certified who, how and why an individual required that particular document, especially in a decade (1851-1861) struck by famine, epidemics, poverty, demographic growth, unemployment, among other circumstances, that worsened the provisions for survival of the majority of the population.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Concessões de passaporte Emigração madeirense Guias de passaporte Legislação Migrações Regedorias Regedores Madeira (Portugal) Passports Passport-grants Madeiran emigration Legislation Migrations Parish councils Administration workers Estudos Regionais e Locais . Faculdade de Artes e Humanidades
