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Caracterização de variedades tradicionais Vitis vinifera L. da Região Autónoma da Madeira por técnicas moleculares
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Resumo(s)
A viticultura da Região Autónoma da Madeira desempenha um papel fundamental na
preservação do património genético da videira, Vitis vinifera L., associada à produção do Vinho
Madeira, um produto de Denominação de Origem Protegida. A identificação precisa das castas
tradicionais é essencial para garantir a autenticidade do material vegetal, assegurando a conformidade
com as normas de certificação e evitando erros de classificação. No entanto, a distinção varietal
baseada exclusivamente em características morfológicas apresenta limitações, tornando
imprescindível a aplicação de metodologias moleculares.
Neste estudo, foram utilizados 9 loci SSRs (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27,
VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62 e VrZAG79) para a caracterização genética de 11 castas tradicionais
cultivadas na Região Autónoma da Madeira conforme recomendado pela base de dados do Vitis
International Variety Catalogue, permitindo a obtenção de perfis genéticos específicos para cada
variedade. Estes dados viabilizaram a distinção varietal com elevada precisão, a determinação de
relações filogenéticas entre as castas, a sua comparação com a base de dados do VIVC e integração
de dados no GrinGlobal.
Adicionalmente, a técnica SSR-High Resolution Melting foi explorada como método
complementar para a autenticação varietal. Embora a diferenciação dos perfis de melting tenha
permitido discriminar algumas castas como o Caracol, Malvasia Cândida e Verdelho, para os loci
VVMD5 e VVMD27, a insuficiente diferenciação nos perfis de fusão e a limitação do locus VrZAG79
comprometeram a distinção completa entre as variedades analisadas.
Este estudo reforça a relevância da caracterização molecular na viticultura da Região
Autónoma da Madeira, evidenciando a aplicação de técnicas moleculares como uma abordagem
inovadora para a identificação e futura rastreabilidade do material vegetal. Esta metodologia oferece
uma ferramenta eficaz para viveiristas, produtores e entidades reguladoras, fortalecendo o controle
da autenticidade das plantas utilizadas na produção de Vinho Madeira e assegurando a conformidade
com os padrões de certificação.
The viticulture of the Autonomous Region of Madeira plays a fundamental role in preserving the genetic heritage of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), being closely associated with the production of Madeira Wine, a product with Protected Designation of Origin (DOP). The precise identification of traditional grape varieties is essential to ensuring the authenticity of plant material, guaranteeing compliance with certification standards, and preventing classification errors. However, varietal distinction based solely on morphological characteristics presents limitations, making the application of molecular methodologies indispensable. In this study, nine SSR loci (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62, and VrZAG79) were used for the genetic characterization of 11 traditional grape varieties cultivated in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, following the recommendations of the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC) database. This approach enabled the generation of specific genetic profiles for each variety, allowing for high-precision varietal differentiation, the determination of phylogenetic relationships among varieties, comparisons with the VIVC database, and data integration into GrinGlobal. Additionally, the Microsatellite-High Resolution Melting technique was explored as a complementary method for varietal authentication. While the differentiation of melting profiles allowed for the discrimination of certain varieties, such as Caracol, Malvasia Cândida, and Verdelho at loci VVMD5 and VVMD27, the insufficient resolution of fusion profiles and the limitations of locus VrZAG79 compromised the complete differentiation of all analyzed varieties. This study reinforces the relevance of molecular characterization in the viticulture of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, highlighting the application of molecular techniques as an innovative approach for varietal identification and future traceability of plant material. This methodology provides an effective tool for nurseries, producers, and regulatory entities, strengthening the control of plant authenticity in Madeira Wine production and ensuring compliance with certification standards.
The viticulture of the Autonomous Region of Madeira plays a fundamental role in preserving the genetic heritage of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), being closely associated with the production of Madeira Wine, a product with Protected Designation of Origin (DOP). The precise identification of traditional grape varieties is essential to ensuring the authenticity of plant material, guaranteeing compliance with certification standards, and preventing classification errors. However, varietal distinction based solely on morphological characteristics presents limitations, making the application of molecular methodologies indispensable. In this study, nine SSR loci (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62, and VrZAG79) were used for the genetic characterization of 11 traditional grape varieties cultivated in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, following the recommendations of the Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC) database. This approach enabled the generation of specific genetic profiles for each variety, allowing for high-precision varietal differentiation, the determination of phylogenetic relationships among varieties, comparisons with the VIVC database, and data integration into GrinGlobal. Additionally, the Microsatellite-High Resolution Melting technique was explored as a complementary method for varietal authentication. While the differentiation of melting profiles allowed for the discrimination of certain varieties, such as Caracol, Malvasia Cândida, and Verdelho at loci VVMD5 and VVMD27, the insufficient resolution of fusion profiles and the limitations of locus VrZAG79 compromised the complete differentiation of all analyzed varieties. This study reinforces the relevance of molecular characterization in the viticulture of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, highlighting the application of molecular techniques as an innovative approach for varietal identification and future traceability of plant material. This methodology provides an effective tool for nurseries, producers, and regulatory entities, strengthening the control of plant authenticity in Madeira Wine production and ensuring compliance with certification standards.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vitis vinifera L. Marcadores moleculares SSRs SSR-HRM DOP Vinho Madeira Molecular markers Madeira wine Biologia Aplicada . Faculdade de Ciências da Vida