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A cultura baleeira na Madeira. Estudo lexical e comparação com os Açores
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Abstract(s)
A cultura baleeira na Madeira é a temática alvo de estudo desta investigação
lexical, numa perspetiva terminológica. A baleação, atualmente extinta, decorreu no
arquipélago da Madeira durante 40 anos e encerra um património cultural imaterial que
merece ser estudado e registado para que não caia no completo esquecimento. A caça à
baleia chegou à Madeira através dos baleeiros açorianos que, por sua vez, a aprenderam
com os baleeiros norte-americanos. Trata-se de uma atividade especializada, cujos termos
associados às profissões, técnicas, objetos e processos apenas são conhecidos por quem a
pratica. Muitos deles são formas aportuguesadas de empréstimos do Inglês, recebidos dos
Açores.
A recolha dos termos da baleação na Madeira foi realizada sobretudo com base na
documentação oral resultante de entrevistas (com um questionário onomasiológico,
partindo do conceito para recolher o termo) realizadas a cinco informantes que foram
profissionais ou estiveram ligados àquela faina, mas também em escassa documentação
escrita publicada em papel e digital. A partir destes corpora foi elaborado o glossário da
cultura baleeira, com os respetivos termos, apresentando variantes fonéticas e
morfológicas, assim como sinónimos (variação denominativa dos conceitos) e apenas um
termo polissémico. Inclui também o registo dos termos açorianos correspondentes,
sempre que possível, permitindo a realização de um pequeno estudo comparativo da
terminologia da atividade nos dois arquipélagos.
Posto isto, o glossário compila e sistematiza o léxico da baleação na Madeira e o
correspondente da atividade nos Açores, enquanto património linguístico e sociocultural
destes arquipélagos. Trata-se de uma terminologia constituída principalmente por nomes
(simples, derivados e compostos), sobretudo formados com complementos
determinativos que especificam os termos como pertencentes à baleação. A terminologia
açoriana revelou apresentar muitos anglicismos, enquanto na Madeira apenas foram
documentadas nove formas destes empréstimos. Conclui-se que o conhecimento do
vocabulário açoriano associado a esta herança cultural permite compreender melhor os
termos da atividade na Madeira, que merecem ser conservados e valorizados como
testemunho do passado.
The whaling culture in Madeira is the subject of study of this lexical research, focusing on a terminological perspective. Whaling, now extinct, took place in the Madeira archipelago for 40 years and contains an intangible cultural heritage that deserves to be studied and registered so that it does not consign to complete oblivion. Whaling arrived in Madeira through the Azorean whalers, who, in turn, learnt it from the North American whalers. It is a specialized activity, whose terms associated with professions, techniques, objects and processes are only known by those who practice it, many of them Portuguese forms of English words received from the Azoreans. The gathering of whaling terminology in Madeira was carried out mainly on the basis of oral documentation attained from interviews (with an onomasiological questionnaire, giving the concept to collect the term) carried out with five informants, who were professionals or were connected with whaling, but also on scarce written published on paper and digital documentation. Using these corpora, the glossary of whaling culture was created with its respective terminology, presenting phonetic and morphological variations, as well as synonyms (denominative variations of the concepts) and only one polysemic term. It also includes a registry of the corresponding Azorean terms, whenever possible, allowing for a comparative study of the terminology used in both archipelagos. The glossary compiles and systematizes the whaling lexicon of Madeira and the equivalent one of the Azores as a linguistic and sociocultural heritage of these archipelagos. It is a terminology consisting mainly of nouns (simple, derived and compound), mainly formed with determinative complements that specify the terms as belonging to the whaling activity. The Azorean terminology was found to contain many anglicisms, while in Madeira only nine forms of these linguistic loans were documented. We conclude that the knowledge of the Azorean vocabulary associated to this cultural heritage allows us to better understand the whaling lexicon employed in Madeira, which deserves to be preserved and valued.
The whaling culture in Madeira is the subject of study of this lexical research, focusing on a terminological perspective. Whaling, now extinct, took place in the Madeira archipelago for 40 years and contains an intangible cultural heritage that deserves to be studied and registered so that it does not consign to complete oblivion. Whaling arrived in Madeira through the Azorean whalers, who, in turn, learnt it from the North American whalers. It is a specialized activity, whose terms associated with professions, techniques, objects and processes are only known by those who practice it, many of them Portuguese forms of English words received from the Azoreans. The gathering of whaling terminology in Madeira was carried out mainly on the basis of oral documentation attained from interviews (with an onomasiological questionnaire, giving the concept to collect the term) carried out with five informants, who were professionals or were connected with whaling, but also on scarce written published on paper and digital documentation. Using these corpora, the glossary of whaling culture was created with its respective terminology, presenting phonetic and morphological variations, as well as synonyms (denominative variations of the concepts) and only one polysemic term. It also includes a registry of the corresponding Azorean terms, whenever possible, allowing for a comparative study of the terminology used in both archipelagos. The glossary compiles and systematizes the whaling lexicon of Madeira and the equivalent one of the Azores as a linguistic and sociocultural heritage of these archipelagos. It is a terminology consisting mainly of nouns (simple, derived and compound), mainly formed with determinative complements that specify the terms as belonging to the whaling activity. The Azorean terminology was found to contain many anglicisms, while in Madeira only nine forms of these linguistic loans were documented. We conclude that the knowledge of the Azorean vocabulary associated to this cultural heritage allows us to better understand the whaling lexicon employed in Madeira, which deserves to be preserved and valued.
Description
Keywords
Léxico da baleação Glossário terminológico Património cultural imaterial Património linguístico Madeira (Portugal) Açores (Portugal) Whaling lexicon Terminological glossary Intangible cultural heritage Linguistic heritage Azores (Portugal) Linguística: Sociedades e Culturas . Faculdade de Artes e Humanidades