African human mtDNA phylogeography at-a-glance

Rosa, Alexandra; Brehm, António

Publication

African human mtDNA phylogeography at-a-glance

2011Journal article

dc.contributor.author	Rosa, Alexandra
dc.contributor.author	Brehm, António
dc.date.accessioned	2022-08-01T11:11:47Z
dc.date.available	2022-08-01T11:11:47Z
dc.date.issued	2011
dc.description.abstract	The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic system has long proven to be useful for studying the demographic history of our species, since their proposed Southeast/East African origin 200 kya. Despite the weak archaeological and anthropologic records, which render a difficult understanding of early intra continental migrations, the phylogenetic L0-L1’6 split at about 140-160 kya is thought to represent also an early sub-structuring of small and isolated communities in South and East Africa. Regional variation accumulated over the following millennia, with L2 and L3 lineages arising in Central and East Africa 100-75 kya. Their sub-Saharan dispersal not later than 60 kya, largely overwhelmed the L0’1 distribution, nowadays limited to South African Khoisan and Central African Pygmies. Cyclic expansions and retractions of the equatorial forest between 40 kya and the “Last Glacial Aridity Maximum” were able to reduce the genetic diversity of modern humans.. Surviving regional-specific lineages have emerged from the Sahelian refuge areas, repopulating the region and contributing to the overall West African genetic similarity. Particular L1- L3 lineages mirror the substantial population growth made possible by moister and warmer conditions of the Sahara’s Wet Phase and the adoption of agriculture and iron smelting techniques. The diffusion of the farming expertise from a Central African source towards South Africa was mediated by the Bantu people 3 kya. The strong impact of their gene flow almost erased the pre-existent maternal pool. Non-L mtDNAs testify for Eurasian lineages that have enriched the African maternal pool at different timeframes: i) Near and Middle Eastern influences in Upper Palaeolithic, probably link to the spread of Afro-Asiatic languages; ii) particular lineages from West Eurasia around or after the glacial period; iii) post-glacial mtDNA signatures from the Franco-Cantabrian refugia, that have crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and iv) Eurasian lineages tracing back to the Neolithic or more recent historical episodes. Finally, the non-random sub-Saharan spread of North African lineages was likely mediated by the ancestors of Fulani, nomadic pastoral communities in the Sahel.	pt_PT
dc.description.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion	pt_PT
dc.identifier.citation	Rosa, A., & Brehem, A. (2011). African human mtDNA phylogeography at-a-glance. Journal of anthropological sciences= Rivista di antropologia: JASS, 89, 25-58. DOI: 10.4436/jass.89006	pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi	10.4436/jass.89006	pt_PT
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/4488
dc.language.iso	eng	pt_PT
dc.peerreviewed	yes	pt_PT
dc.publisher	Istituto Italiano di Antropologia	pt_PT
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/	pt_PT
dc.subject	Phylogeography	pt_PT
dc.subject	Africa	pt_PT
dc.subject	mtDNA	pt_PT
dc.subject	Polymorphisms	pt_PT
dc.subject	Population genetics	pt_PT
dc.subject	.	pt_PT
dc.subject	Faculdade de Ciências da Vida	pt_PT
dc.title	African human mtDNA phylogeography at-a-glance	pt_PT
dc.type	journal article
dspace.entity.type	Publication
oaire.citation.endPage	58	pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage	25	pt_PT
oaire.citation.title	Journal of Anthropological Sciences= Rivista di antropologia	pt_PT
oaire.citation.volume	89	pt_PT
person.familyName	da Silva Rosa
person.familyName	Brehm
person.givenName	Patrícia Alexandra
person.givenName	Antonio
person.identifier.ciencia-id	F01B-3B5B-2269
person.identifier.ciencia-id	3613-8D1F-0EDF
person.identifier.orcid	0000-0002-1827-6828
person.identifier.orcid	0000-0003-3168-5340
person.identifier.scopus-author-id	Author ID 7006085833
rcaap.rights	openAccess	pt_PT
rcaap.type	article	pt_PT
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