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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A Madeira possui condições agroecológicas únicas, que permitem o
desenvolvimento de grande diversidade de espécies frutícolas. A macieira é uma fruteira
tradicional na Madeira que se distribui pelas suas freguesias montanhosas, desde o Oeste,
Achadas da Cruz, até o Este, Faial. O cultivo da macieira desenvolve-se em pequenos
pomares, que albergam uma diversidade de cultivares, cuja produção é consumida em
fresco ou utilizada na produção de sidra. A prospeção e inventariação dos recursos
genéticos desta fruteira procura aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre a sua diversidade,
tendo resultado no registo de 10 variedades de conservação no Catálogo Nacional de
Variedades, entre as quais o Pero Domingos, a Maçã Barral, a Maçã Cara de Dama e o
Pero Calhau. Os dados desta inventariação são disponibilizados, através das plataformas
GRIN-Global e GBIF. Está em curso um projeto que visa a valorização destas variedades
locais, através da sua caracterização morfo-agronómica e nutricional. O presente trabalho
apresenta os resultados preliminares da caracterização morfométrica de 4 dessas
variedades. Os parâmetros utilizados incluem o hábito de crescimento, época de floração,
frutificação e colheita, e 10 caracteres morfológicos do fruto. Os resultados obtidos
permitem-nos inferir que as 4 variedades são distintas entre si e apresentam características
agronómicas que lhes conferem valor comercial. Adicionalmente, o fruto do Pero
Domingos foi analisado em relação a 5 parâmetros nutricionais e físico-químicos, e à sua
aptidão para consumo em fresco ou processado (desidratado, compotas, sidra). O Pero
Domingos apresentou um bom tempo de conservação no pós-colheita. No entanto,
recomenda-se o seu uso na produção de sidra ou confeção de compotas até 1 semana de
pós-colheita. O teor de sólidos solúveis variou significativamente nas compotas. O pH da
sidra diminuiu significativamente com a profundidade da coluna na pipa.
Madeira has ideal agroecological conditions, allowing the development of a great diversity of fruits. The apple tree is a traditional fruit tree of Madeira, distributed in the mountainous parishes of Madeira, between West (Achadas da Cruz) and the East (Faial) of the island. The cultivation of the apple tree takes place in small orchards that shelter a high diversity of local cultivars whose production is used for fresh consumption or cider production. Since 2006, the survey of these genetic resources has sought to deepen the knowledge about the diversity of the apple tree, having resulted in the registration of 10 landraces in the National Catalog of Varieties, among them Pero Domingos, Maçã Barral, Maçã Cara de Dama and Pero Calhau. The results of this survey was available, through the GRIN-Global and GBIF platforms. A project is currently undertaken to perform the morph-agronomic and nutritional characterization of these varieties. The goal of the present work is to show the data of the characterization of these 4 varieties, using characters linked with the growth habit, flowering, fruiting and harvest season, and 10 morphological fruit characters. It was observed that these varieties are distinct and have agronomic features that give them a commercial value. At same time, Pero Domingos fruits were analyzed using 5 nutritional and physical-chemical parameters, as well as its aptitude for fresh or processed consumption (dehydrated fruits, jam, cider). Fruits shown good post-harvest durability. However, best apples for cider or jams should be harvested for less than a week. Soluble solids content varied significantly in the processed apple, with a gradual increase in jam, jelly and marmalade. The pH of the cider decreased significantly with the depth of storage column in the cask.
Madeira has ideal agroecological conditions, allowing the development of a great diversity of fruits. The apple tree is a traditional fruit tree of Madeira, distributed in the mountainous parishes of Madeira, between West (Achadas da Cruz) and the East (Faial) of the island. The cultivation of the apple tree takes place in small orchards that shelter a high diversity of local cultivars whose production is used for fresh consumption or cider production. Since 2006, the survey of these genetic resources has sought to deepen the knowledge about the diversity of the apple tree, having resulted in the registration of 10 landraces in the National Catalog of Varieties, among them Pero Domingos, Maçã Barral, Maçã Cara de Dama and Pero Calhau. The results of this survey was available, through the GRIN-Global and GBIF platforms. A project is currently undertaken to perform the morph-agronomic and nutritional characterization of these varieties. The goal of the present work is to show the data of the characterization of these 4 varieties, using characters linked with the growth habit, flowering, fruiting and harvest season, and 10 morphological fruit characters. It was observed that these varieties are distinct and have agronomic features that give them a commercial value. At same time, Pero Domingos fruits were analyzed using 5 nutritional and physical-chemical parameters, as well as its aptitude for fresh or processed consumption (dehydrated fruits, jam, cider). Fruits shown good post-harvest durability. However, best apples for cider or jams should be harvested for less than a week. Soluble solids content varied significantly in the processed apple, with a gradual increase in jam, jelly and marmalade. The pH of the cider decreased significantly with the depth of storage column in the cask.
Description
Keywords
Composição bioquímica Pero Domingos Morfometria Sidra Qualidade Macieira Malus domestica Borkh Madeira (Portugal) Morphometry Cider Biochemical composition Quality . Escola Superior de Tecnologias e Gestão Centro em Agricultura Sustentável e Tecnologia Alimentar Faculdade de Ciências da Vida
Citation
Publisher
Associação Portuguesa de Horticultura (APH)