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- Organizational engineering processes: integration of the cause-and-effect analysis in the detection of exception kindsPublication . Pacheco, Dulce; Aveiro, David; Tenório, Nelson; Pacheco, Dulce; Aveiro, DavidEnterprises are dynamic systems that struggle to adapt to the constant changes in their environment. The complexity of these systems frequently originates inefficiencies that turn into the loss of resources and might even compromise organizations’ viability. Control and G.O.D. (sub)organizations allow enterprises to specify measures and viability norms that help to identify, acknowledge, and handle exceptions. Organizational engineering processes are deployed to treat dysfunctions within the G.O.D. organization but often fail to eliminate or circumvent the root cause of it. In this paper, we propose an extension in the model to allow a thorough investigation of the root causes of dysfunctions within the organizational engineering processes. Grounded on the seven guidelines for Information System Research in the design-science paradigm, we claim that the organizational engineering process should be supplemented with a systematic and broader investigation of causes, namely the Ishikawa approach of cause-and-effect analysis. The main contributions of this paper are the improvement of the organizational engineering process for handling unexpected exceptions in reactive change dynamics and the freely available Dysfunctions Bank with common dysfunctions and its probable causes. This work should trigger a reduction in the number of organizational dysfunctions and help to keep updated the organizational self and the organization’s ontological model.
- MementoKey: keeping passwords in mindPublication . Jeong, Bongkeum ; Vallat, Alexander; Csikszentmihalyi, Chris ; Park, Junwu ; Pacheco, Dulce; Pacheco, DulceIn this paper, we introduce a novel system of password generation, MementoKey, consisting of private words that exist only in a user’s memory and a corresponding set of public (non-secret) words that will facilitate users’ recall of the private words, which they are associated with. We will demonstrate how MementoKey offers a useful alternative to existing options for storing passwords in password managers, or to using cryptographically weak, but memorable, passwords. We have conducted a user study to evaluate the word-association technique for recalling passwords, and the effectiveness of our prototype software training and checking system to guide the user successfully through the memorization process. Our study involving 60 diverse participants indicates that our prototype can effectively lead users through a visualization and memorization technique to create a strong word-association memory between pairs of adjectives and nouns.
- The influence of the leaders‘ selection method on team performancePublication . Pacheco, Dulce; Pacheco, Dulce; Soares, Luísa; Soares, Luísa; Soares, Ana LuisaLeadership impacts team performance. More effective leadership at the workplace may improve team performance and, consequently, increase both employees and employers work satisfaction. There is a wide array of studies on effective leadership, but the influence of the way the leader is select on team performance and is not yet clear. We discuss the relationship between the methods used to select the leader and team performance. A study was conducted with a sample of 112 bachelor students working in 17 teams during an 8-week long class project. Team performance was measured by the sub scale Perceived Team Collaboration of the instrument Team Collaborator Evaluator (TCE) and also by the final project grade given by the instructors. Results show that teams have higher performances when their members unanimously choose the leader. Practical implications for the selection of team leaders are discussed.
- Collaborative learning: team size and the scientific field as influencersPublication . Pacheco, Dulce; Pacheco, Dulce; Soares, Luísa; Soares, Luísa; Soares, Ana LuisaSome individuals seem to intuitively collaborate better in teams, and some teams have repetitively superior results. Cooperative work is a growing need in all workplaces, and it has been thoroughly studied. However, literature has not yet clearly identified its predictors, as it does not present consistent results. Some authors report a reluctance in students to collaborate in teams, whereas others describe its huge advantages. This work intends to explore variables that might influence collaborative learning. We hypothesize that the team size and the scientific field of the students might affect team collaboration and team performance. In this study with Pre- and Post-test, team collaboration was measured using the Team Collaboration Evaluator (TCE) and team performance was assessed by the students’ perceived team effectiveness and by the final project grade given by the instructors. Analysis of a sample of 99 students, from both Computer Science and Psychology bachelor programs, indicates that larger teams show lower team collaboration, but higher team performance. Collected data confirm differences in the evolution of the perceived team collaboration, according to the students’ scientific field. Results are discussed considering the Team Collaboration Evaluator framework.
- Students' opinion on physical education and school: an association with academic performancePublication . Lopes, Helder; Lopes, Helder; Gouveia, Élvio; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Elvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Elvio Rúbio; Marques, Adilson; Marques, Adilson; Gouveia, Bruna R.; Gouveia, Bruna; Fernando, Catarina; Fernando, Catarina; Prudente, João; Prudente, João Filipe; Correia, Ana L.; Alves, Ricardo; Alves, Ricardo; Velosa Barreto Ferreira Alves, José Ricardo; Rodrigues, Ana; Rodrigues, AnaThe aims of this study were: (i) to characterize students' opinion on Physical Education (PE) and on the School and (ii) to analyze the associations between opinion about PE, gender, age, and academic performance. The sample was composed by 599 students (264 boys and 335 girls), aged 10 to 22 years (14.76 ± 2.42). A subsample of 154 students (76 boys and 78 girls, 14.33 ± 2.14) were evaluated in academic performance. The students' opinion about PE and the School was evaluated through a questionnaire with a Likert scale response. The academic performance assessment was based on the curricular evaluation at the end of the 3rd period. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the distributions of the variables. Student's t-test was used to determine the differences between groups in variables with normal distribution and Pearson correlations to study the associations. The students' opinion regarding PE was mostly positive (70%). Lower values were found in relation to the opinion on School (40.8%). The opinion about PE was influenced by the grade achieved in the subject, but was not influenced by the overall academic performance. With increasing age, boys like PE and School less and less. Further research on the reasons underlying the results obtained can contribute to the acknowledgment of PE as a powerful instrument to dynamize changes in the pedagogical process in Schools.
- Associations of physical activity with body composition and aerobic capacity in adults with Down syndromePublication . Rodrigues, Ana; Rodrigues, Ana; Antunes, Hélio; Antunes, Hélio; Alves, Ricardo; Alves, Ricardo; Velosa Barreto Ferreira Alves, José Ricardo; Sousa, Duarte; Sousa, Duarte; Lopes, Helder; Lopes, Helder; Prudente, João; Prudente, João FilipeThe characterization of physical activity profile and the relation with health indicators is still an issue to explore in populations with Down Syndrome. With the development of this study we intend to: (i) describe the levels of physical activity, aerobic capacity and body composition of participants, considering gender and age, (ii) analyse the association between physical activity levels and aerobic capacity and body composition. In this study participated 26 subjects (16 males and 10 females) with Down syndrome, aged between 19 and 41 years (27.33±11.93). All participants were evaluated in physical activity using a pedometer (one week), aerobic capacity (AAHPERD, 1998), weight and height. Reduced levels of physical activity (4073.71±1217.69 steps/day) and aerobic capacity (3.09±.90 minutes) were observed among participants. The prevalence of obesity was 36.4% and 13.6% overweight, 50% of the participants presented the recommended weight. However, none of the analysed parameters shows differences between sexes (p>.05), nor association between age and the indicators evaluated (p>.05). Physical activity has been shown to be associated with: (i) body mass index (r=-.747, p<.001) and (ii) with cardiorespiratory capacity (r=.458, p=.019). It is necessary to develop programs and policies to promote physical activity in this population, in order to prevent the development of various pathologies.
- How well do muscular strength and endurance predict cognitive function in youth?Publication . Correia, Ana Luísa; Correia, Ana Luisa Rodrigues Figueira de Sousa; Gouveia. Élvio R.; Gouveia, Elvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Elvio Rúbio; Marques, Adilson; Marques, Adilson; Gouveia, Bruna; Gouveia, Bruna; Rodrigues, Ana J.; Rodrigues, Ana; Alves, Ricardo; Alves, Ricardo; Velosa Barreto Ferreira Alves, José Ricardo; Lopes, Helder; Lopes, Helder; Kliegel, Matthias; Kliegel, Matthias; Ihle, Andreas; Ihle, AndreasBackground: Muscular strength and endurance (MSE) have been correlated to healthy physical and mental condition throughout the lifespan. Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate how well do MSE predict cognitive function in youth, after controlling for age. Methods: The sample comprised 302 students (157 girls and 145 boys), mean age 15.7 years (SD = 2.7, range 9.9-20.6), from the 5th to the 12th year, in 5 public schools. Cognitive Telephone Screening Instrument (COGTEL) as used to access cognitive function. MSE of students were assessed using the hand grip test (static strength) and sit-ups (trunk strength) from EUROFIT battery. Bivariate correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed on the data analysis. Results: COGTEL was positively related to static strength (r=.282, p<.001) and trunk strength tests scores (r=.268, p<.001). Age explained 5.9% of the variance in COGTEL (step 1). After entry MSE at step 2, the total variance explained by the model as a whole was 12%. In the final model, both age and MSE composite score were statistically significant, with the MSE recording a higher beta value (beta=.264, p<.001) than age (beta=.136, p=.034). Conclusion: this study reinforces that better MSE significantly correlates to higher performance in cognitive function. Moreover, MSE predict cognitive function in youth in the same proportion as age does.
- Social and personal skills in physical education: teachers and students' preception about an intervention programPublication . Alves, Ricardo; Velosa Barreto Ferreira Alves, José Ricardo; Alves, Ricardo; Rodrigues, Ana; Rodrigues, Ana; Antunes, Hélio; Antunes, Hélio; Correia, Ana Luísa; Correia, Ana Luisa Rodrigues Figueira de Sousa; Gouveia, Élvio; Gouveia, Elvio Rúbio; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Lopes, Helder; Lopes, HelderThe development of social and personal skills in schools, specifically in Physical Education classes, is fundamental to face the mission of Education and the demands of today's society. In this context, we tried to assess how students and teachers perceived such competences through an intervention program carried out in Physical Education classes. For this purpose, a qualitative study was developed in which 15 focus groups were created, between 4 and 6 students of both genders and aged between 14 and 16 years old (14,83±0,59). Six physical education teachers were also interviewed. The focus group and interviews were conducted on the basis of a semi-structured script and were guided by trained researchers. The students were submitted to a 20-hour intervention program, based on the Model of Sports Education, with guidance and supervision of teachers, who had training and support of the research team, through weekly meetings and class follow-up. Firstly, the groups and the interviews were transcribed by trained investigators, being that, the transcription of the interviews was fully made (verbatim). The NVivo10 software was used to organize and categorize the transcripted data. The collected data show that both students and teachers manifested a high perception regarding the development of several social and personal skills in the implemented program, which allowed us to conclude that the Physical Education classes could contribute, effectively, to the improvement of social competences and personal needs of the students
- Danças tradicionais no contexto escolar: uma abordagem pedagógica e motoraPublication . Abreu,Joana; Nóbrega, Adérito; Alves, Ricardo; Alves, Ricardo; Velosa Barreto Ferreira Alves, José RicardoAs Atividades Rítmicas e Expressivas desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento cognitivo, social e cultural, motor e artístico dos alunos (da Silva, & Brito, 2016). Embora esteja comprovado que são diversos os benefícios que se alcança através da aplicação das Atividades Rítmicas e Expressivas nas aulas de Educação Física, são muitos os professores que identificam desafios para a implementação das Atividades Rítmicas e Expressivas nas suas aulas, seja devido à falta de formação específica ou à dificuldade que encontram para estruturar a aprendizagem de uma forma progressiva e motivadora. Este trabalho tem como objetivo facilitar a abordagem das Atividades Rítmicas e Expressivas, mais especificamente as Danças Tradicionais, nas aulas de Educação Física, proporcionando assim estratégias didáticas, sejam elas para o ensino básico e/ou secundário. A recolha e seleção das diversas coreografias a serem trabalhadas e desenvolvidas ao longo do instrumento foi realizada com base nos manuais da disciplina de Educação Física desenvolvidos para o ensino básico e para o ensino secundário. O instrumento desenvolvido apresenta detalhadamente e progressivamente os diversos passos das danças, a sequência coreográfica e por fim a demonstração do resultado final para as diversas coreografias selecionadas para os diferentes níveis de ensino. São ainda apresentados alguns jogos que podem vir a complementar a aplicação das Atividades Rítmicas e Expressivas nas aulas de Educação Física, tornando assim as aulas mais dinâmicas e motivadoras para os alunos. Este é um instrumento que visa colmatar as dificuldades que são identificadas por vezes pelos professores a quando da aplicação das Atividades Rítmicas e Expressivas, tentando assim que, com recurso a meios visuais e tecnológicos seja possível aplicar as Danças Tradicionais de uma forma mais acessível e eficiente promovendo assim uma maior adesão por parte dos alunos.
- A construção de uma ferramenta didático-pedagógica: banco de exercícios interativo para o ensino do basquetebolPublication . Martins, P.; Freitas, E.; Martins, F.; Nóbrega, M.; Lopes, H.; Lopes, HelderA implementação de metodologias inovadoras no ensino da Educação Física é essencial para promover o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos. Entre essas abordagens, os jogos reduzidos têm demonstrado uma elevada eficácia na estimulação cognitiva e prática ativa dos praticantes. O basquetebol 3x3, uma modalidade recentemente reconhecida no cenário olímpico, destaca-se por estes mesmos aspetos. Este estudo teve como objetivo a construção de um banco de exercícios interativo, concebido como ferramenta didático-pedagógica para apoiar o ensino do basquetebol 3x3 na Educação Física escolar. A metodologia adotada baseou-se na realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com docentes experientes, culminando na seleção e sistematização de 33 exercícios distintos. Estes foram organizados progressivamente, respeitando diferentes níveis de complexidade e domínios técnico-táticos. A estrutura do banco de exercícios foi desenvolvida com elementos visuais intuitivos, como hiperligações interativas, legendas explicativas e indicadores de complexidade. Além disso, o instrumento permite atualizações constantes, tornando-se um recurso dinâmico e adaptável às necessidades pedagógicas. Este instrumento não apenas facilita a planificação e execução de aulas mais dinâmicas e motivadoras, mas também promove a autonomia dos alunos no seu processo de aprendizagem. Perspetiva-se que a integração de tecnologias interativas na Educação Física pode potenciar a qualidade do ensino e ampliar as oportunidades de aprendizagem, promovendo um ensino mais eficaz.