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Promoção da saúde e prevenção das perturbações mentais das pessoas idosas: género e nível de escolaridade
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Face ao aumento da população idosa e ao risco aumentado de perturbações
mentais, é importante que as comunidades e os serviços de saúde se organizem, para
intervir aos três níveis de prevenção (primária, secundária e terciária) no referente à
saúde mental. Efectuou-se um estudo sobre a saúde mental das pessoas idosas da
Região Autónoma da Madeira, cujos principais objectivos foram caracterizar a
população idosa do ponto de vista da saúde mental e avaliar a influência positiva
(protectora) ou negativa (de risco) do género e do nível de escolaridade, na melhor ou
pior saúde mental dos idosos. Metodologia: tratou-se de um estudo transversal, cuja
amostra aleatórea e representativa da população com 65 e mais anos, englobou 342
pessoas, estratificadas por concelhos de residência, género e classes etárias. Para a
determinação da saúde mental utilizou-se o Mental Health Inventory (MHI) que
contempla duas dimensões: o bem-estar psicológico e o distress psicológico. Através da
análise de clusters constituíram-se três grupos de idosos: com saúde mental positiva,
razoável e negativa. Utilizaram-se modelos de regressão logística para determinação da
influência das eventuais variáveis explicativas, na melhor ou pior saúde mental.
Resultados: entre outras variáveis significativas cuja probabilidade de influenciarem
positiva ou negativamente a saúde mental foi comprovada, optou-se neste artigo, por
analisar e discutir a influência do género e do nível de escolaridade. Verificou-se que
existia uma probabilidade superior associada significativamente ao género feminino, de
saúde mental mais negativa (OR=0,3 IC 95% 0,1-0,6) e uma probabilidade mais elevada
associada significativamente a um nível superior de escolaridade, de saúde mental mais
positiva (OR=2,5 IC 95% 1,3-4,8). Conclusão e sugestões: as pessoas idosas
apresentavam um nível de saúde mental mais positivo. Verificou-se que o género e o
nível de escolaridade influenciavam significativamente o nível de saúde mental das
pessoas idosas pelo que deverão ser considerados relevantes na planificação, definição e
implementação de programas, dirigidos à promoção da saúde e prevenção das
perturbações mentais na população referida. Sugere-se a realização de outras pesquisas
que contribuam para esclarecer o modo como o género e o nível de escolaridade
influenciam ou determinam as diferenças na saúde mental e no ajustamento, dos
homens e das mulheres, no decurso do processo de envelhecimento.
Due to the increase of the older population and to the increased risk of mental disorders, it is important that the communities and health services organize themselves, so they can intervene at the three levels of prevention (primary, secondary and tertiary) in what concerns to the mental health. The study to which this article refers to is about the mental health of the older people in Madeira Autonomous Region. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the older people from the mental health perspective and to assess the positive (protective) or negative (risk) influence of gender and education level in the best or worst mental health of older people. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, based on a representative sample of the population with 65 years or older (n=342) living in the community. The sample was stratified by municipalities, gender and age group. For the assessment of the mental health we used the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) which takes into account two dimensions: psychological well-being and psychological distress. Through the clusters analysed three groups of older people were defined: with positive, reasonable and negative mental health. To determine the influence of potential explanatory variables in the best or worst mental health we used logistic regression models. Results: we have chosen to analyse and argue the influence of gender and education level among other significant variables that showed either a positive or negative influence on mental health. We verified that there was a higher probability of a more positive mental health associated to females, in a significant manner (OR=0,3 IC 95% 0,1-0,6), and equally, a higher probability of positive mental health associated to more years of schooling (OR=2,5 IC 95% 1,3-4,8). Conclusions and suggestions: older people had a mental health level more positive. It was verified that the gender and the education level influenced significantly the level of older people mental health. They should be considered relevant in the planification, definition and implementation of programmes ascertained to health promotion and prevention of mental disorders in the cited population. We suggest the realization of other researches for the clarification of the way in which gender and education level influence or determinate differences in the mental health and adjustment of both men and women while on the ageing process.
Due to the increase of the older population and to the increased risk of mental disorders, it is important that the communities and health services organize themselves, so they can intervene at the three levels of prevention (primary, secondary and tertiary) in what concerns to the mental health. The study to which this article refers to is about the mental health of the older people in Madeira Autonomous Region. The main objectives of this study were to characterize the older people from the mental health perspective and to assess the positive (protective) or negative (risk) influence of gender and education level in the best or worst mental health of older people. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study, based on a representative sample of the population with 65 years or older (n=342) living in the community. The sample was stratified by municipalities, gender and age group. For the assessment of the mental health we used the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) which takes into account two dimensions: psychological well-being and psychological distress. Through the clusters analysed three groups of older people were defined: with positive, reasonable and negative mental health. To determine the influence of potential explanatory variables in the best or worst mental health we used logistic regression models. Results: we have chosen to analyse and argue the influence of gender and education level among other significant variables that showed either a positive or negative influence on mental health. We verified that there was a higher probability of a more positive mental health associated to females, in a significant manner (OR=0,3 IC 95% 0,1-0,6), and equally, a higher probability of positive mental health associated to more years of schooling (OR=2,5 IC 95% 1,3-4,8). Conclusions and suggestions: older people had a mental health level more positive. It was verified that the gender and the education level influenced significantly the level of older people mental health. They should be considered relevant in the planification, definition and implementation of programmes ascertained to health promotion and prevention of mental disorders in the cited population. We suggest the realization of other researches for the clarification of the way in which gender and education level influence or determinate differences in the mental health and adjustment of both men and women while on the ageing process.
Description
Keywords
Pessoas idosas Saúde mental Género Nível de escolaridade Older people Mental health Gender Level of education Madeira (Portugal) . Escola Superior de Saúde
Citation
Fragoeiro, I., Pestana, M. H. & Paúl, C. (2009). Promoção da saúde e prevenção das perturbações mentais das pessoas idosas: género e nível de escolaridade. Revista de Ciências da Saúde de Macau, 9(3), 1-9.
Publisher
Universidade de Macau